महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-39, verse-15

द्रोणं बृहस्पतेर्भागं विद्धि द्रौणिं च रुद्रजम् ।
भीष्मं च विद्धि गाङ्गेयं वसुं मानुषतां गतम् ॥१५॥

15. droṇaṁ bṛhaspaterbhāgaṁ viddhi drauṇiṁ ca rudrajam ,
bhīṣmaṁ ca viddhi gāṅgeyaṁ vasuṁ mānuṣatāṁ gatam.

15. droṇam bṛhaspateḥ bhāgam viddhi drauṇim ca rudrajam
bhīṣmam ca viddhi gāṅgeyam vasum mānuṣatām gatam

15. Know Droṇa to be a portion of Bṛhaspati, and Droṇi (Aśvatthāmā) as born from Rudra. And know Bhīṣma, the son of Gaṅgā, to be a Vasu who attained human existence.

Words meanings summery:

• द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Droṇa (the teacher of the Kauravas and Pāṇḍavas) (Droṇa)

• बृहस्पतेः (bṛhaspateḥ) - of Bṛhaspati (the preceptor of the gods) (of Bṛhaspati)

• भागम् (bhāgam) - portion (portion, share, part)

• विद्धि (viddhi) - know (know, understand)

• द्रौणिम् (drauṇim) - Droṇi (Aśvatthāmā, son of Droṇa) (Droṇi, son of Droṇa)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• रुद्रजम् (rudrajam) - born from Rudra

• भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhīṣma (son of Gaṅgā and Śantanu) (Bhīṣma)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• विद्धि (viddhi) - know (know, understand)

• गाङ्गेयम् (gāṅgeyam) - the son of Gaṅgā (an epithet for Bhīṣma) (son of Gaṅgā)

• वसुम् (vasum) - a Vasu (a class of deities) (a Vasu, wealth, good)

• मानुषताम् (mānuṣatām) - human state (humanity, human state, human nature)

• गतम् (gatam) - who attained (gone, attained, reached)

Words meanings and morphology

द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Droṇa (the teacher of the Kauravas and Pāṇḍavas) (Droṇa)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (a preceptor in the Mahābhārata), a measure of grain, a bucket

बृहस्पतेः (bṛhaspateḥ) - of Bṛhaspati (the preceptor of the gods) (of Bṛhaspati)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bṛhaspati

bṛhaspati - Bṛhaspati (preceptor of the gods, planet Jupiter)

भागम् (bhāgam) - portion (portion, share, part)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhāga

bhāga - share, portion, part, division, destiny

From root bhaj (to divide, share)

Root: bhaj (class 1)

विद्धि (viddhi) - know (know, understand)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vid

Imperative Active

second person singular

Root: vid (class 2)

द्रौणिम् (drauṇim) - Droṇi (Aśvatthāmā, son of Droṇa) (Droṇi, son of Droṇa)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of drauṇi

drauṇi - son of Droṇa (Aśvatthāmā)

Apatyārthaka (descendant) derivation from Droṇa

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

रुद्रजम् (rudrajam) - born from Rudra

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rudraja

rudraja - born from Rudra

From Rudra + ja (born)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rudra+ja)

• rudra – Rudra (a Vedic deity, often identified with Śiva)
  proper noun (masculine)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective
  from root jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhīṣma (son of Gaṅgā and Śantanu) (Bhīṣma)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma (a prominent character in the Mahābhārata), terrible, formidable

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

विद्धि (viddhi) - know (know, understand)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vid

Imperative Active

second person singular

Root: vid (class 2)

गाङ्गेयम् (gāṅgeyam) - the son of Gaṅgā (an epithet for Bhīṣma) (son of Gaṅgā)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gāṅgeya

gāṅgeya - son of Gaṅgā, relating to Gaṅgā (an epithet for Bhīṣma)

Apatyārthaka (descendant) derivation from Gaṅgā

वसुम् (vasum) - a Vasu (a class of deities) (a Vasu, wealth, good)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vasu

vasu - wealth, gem, good, excellent, a class of deities (the eight Vasus)

मानुषताम् (mānuṣatām) - human state (humanity, human state, human nature)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mānuṣatā

mānuṣatā - humanity, human state, human nature

From mānuṣa (human) + tā (suffix forming abstract nouns)

गतम् (gatam) - who attained (gone, attained, reached)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, arrived, attained, reached, become

Past Passive Participle

From root gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Functions adjectivally with vasum.