महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-23, verse-8

नकुलः सहदेवश्च तथेमौ गुरुवर्तिनौ ।
क्षुधा कथं न सीदेतामिति चोद्धर्षणं कृतम् ॥८॥

8. nakulaḥ sahadevaśca tathemau guruvartinau ,
kṣudhā kathaṁ na sīdetāmiti coddharṣaṇaṁ kṛtam.

8. nakulaḥ sahadevaḥ ca tathā imau guru-vartinau
kṣudhā katham na sīdetām iti ca uddharṣaṇam kṛtam

8. tathā imau nakulaḥ ca sahadevaḥ guru-vartinau
kṣudhā katham na sīdetām iti ca uddharṣaṇam kṛtam

8. And these two, Nakula and Sahadeva, who are obedient to their elders, how could they possibly suffer from hunger? Thus, encouragement was given.

Words meanings summery:

• नकुलः (nakulaḥ) - Nakula, one of the Pāṇḍava brothers (Nakula (name of a Pāṇḍava))

• सहदेवः (sahadevaḥ) - Sahadeva, one of the Pāṇḍava brothers (Sahadeva (name of a Pāṇḍava))

• च (ca) - and, also

• तथा (tathā) - and also (thus, so, likewise, also)

• इमौ (imau) - these two (Nakula and Sahadeva) (these two)

• गुरु-वर्तिनौ (guru-vartinau) - (Nakula and Sahadeva are) obedient to their elders (obedient to elders, following teachers)

• क्षुधा (kṣudhā) - due to hunger (by hunger)

• कथम् (katham) - how (could they) (how, why)

• न (na) - not, no

• सीदेताम् (sīdetām) - should suffer (from hunger) (should become despondent, should perish, should suffer (dual))

• इति (iti) - marking the preceding statement as a sentiment (thus, so, this)

• च (ca) - and, also

• उद्धर्षणम् (uddharṣaṇam) - encouragement, exhilaration, rousing

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - was given (encouragement) (done, made)

Words meanings and morphology

नकुलः (nakulaḥ) - Nakula, one of the Pāṇḍava brothers (Nakula (name of a Pāṇḍava))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nakula

nakula - Nakula (a Pāṇḍava prince), mongoose

Note: One of the subjects of 'sīdetām'.

सहदेवः (sahadevaḥ) - Sahadeva, one of the Pāṇḍava brothers (Sahadeva (name of a Pāṇḍava))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sahadeva

sahadeva - Sahadeva (a Pāṇḍava prince), accompanied by a god

Note: One of the subjects of 'sīdetām'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects Nakula and Sahadeva.

तथा (tathā) - and also (thus, so, likewise, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects this statement to the previous ones.

इमौ (imau) - these two (Nakula and Sahadeva) (these two)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of idam

idam - this

Note: Refers to Nakula and Sahadeva.

गुरु-वर्तिनौ (guru-vartinau) - (Nakula and Sahadeva are) obedient to their elders (obedient to elders, following teachers)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of guru-vartin

guru-vartin - following a teacher or elder, obedient to elders

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (guru+vartin)

• guru – teacher, elder, heavy, respectable
  noun (masculine)
• vartin – abiding, existing, following, behaving
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/adjective from √vṛt
  Agent noun/adjective from the root √vṛt (to be, exist, turn) with suffix -in
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Nakula and Sahadeva.

क्षुधा (kṣudhā) - due to hunger (by hunger)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of kṣudh

kṣudh - hunger, appetite

Note: Indicates the cause of suffering.

कथम् (katham) - how (could they) (how, why)

(indeclinable)

Note: Forms a rhetorical question.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the action of 'sīdetām'.

सीदेताम् (sīdetām) - should suffer (from hunger) (should become despondent, should perish, should suffer (dual))

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of sīd

optative mood

3rd person dual active optative of √sad

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Refers to Nakula and Sahadeva.

इति (iti) - marking the preceding statement as a sentiment (thus, so, this)

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the preceding statement as a sentiment or question.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'iti' with 'uddharṣaṇam kṛtam'.

उद्धर्षणम् (uddharṣaṇam) - encouragement, exhilaration, rousing

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of uddharṣaṇa

uddharṣaṇa - encouragement, exhilaration, rousing, stimulating

Derived from ud-√hṛṣ (to be excited, to gladden).

Prefix: ud

Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Subject of the passive verb 'kṛtam'.

कृतम् (kṛtam) - was given (encouragement) (done, made)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of √kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicate for 'uddharṣaṇam'.