महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-23, verse-11

दुःशासनो यदा मौढ्याद्दासीवत्पर्यकर्षत ।
तदैव विदितं मह्यं पराभूतमिदं कुलम् ॥११॥

11. duḥśāsano yadā mauḍhyāddāsīvatparyakarṣata ,
tadaiva viditaṁ mahyaṁ parābhūtamidaṁ kulam.

11. duḥśāsanaḥ yadā mauḍhyāt dāsīvat paryakarṣata
tadā eva viditam mahyam parābhūtam idam kulam

11. —when Duḥśāsana, out of foolishness, dragged her like a maidservant, it was then that I knew this entire family was disgraced.

Words meanings summery:

• दुःशासनः (duḥśāsanaḥ) - Duḥśāsana

• यदा (yadā) - when

• मौढ्यात् (mauḍhyāt) - from foolishness, due to ignorance

• दासीवत् (dāsīvat) - like a maidservant, as a slave girl

• पर्यकर्षत (paryakarṣata) - dragged, pulled around

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

• विदितम् (viditam) - it became known, I understood (known, understood, perceived)

• मह्यम् (mahyam) - to me, for me

• पराभूतम् (parābhūtam) - defeated, disgraced, humiliated

• इदम् (idam) - this

• कुलम् (kulam) - family, lineage, race

Words meanings and morphology

दुःशासनः (duḥśāsanaḥ) - Duḥśāsana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥśāsana

duḥśāsana - Duḥśāsana (name of a Kaurava prince)

Literally, 'difficult to rule/govern'. From `dus` (bad, difficult) + `śāsana` (ruling, discipline).

Compound type : tatpurusha (dus+śāsana)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
  Prefix.
• śāsana – rule, command, discipline, governance
  noun (neuter)
  From root `śās` (to rule, instruct).
  Root: śās (class 2)

Note: Subject of `paryakarṣata`.

यदा (yadā) - when

(indeclinable)

From `yad` (which) + `dā` suffix.

Note: Introduces a temporal clause.

मौढ्यात् (mauḍhyāt) - from foolishness, due to ignorance

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of mauḍhya

mauḍhya - foolishness, ignorance, stupidity

From `mūḍha` (foolish) + `ya` suffix.

Note: Denotes the cause for the action.

दासीवत् (dāsīvat) - like a maidservant, as a slave girl

(indeclinable)

From `dāsī` (maidservant) + `vat` suffix (like).

Note: Adverbial usage of comparison.

पर्यकर्षत (paryakarṣata) - dragged, pulled around

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of pari-kṛṣ

Imperfect (Laṅ-lakāra), Middle Voice (ātmanepada)

3rd person singular. Root `kṛṣ` (to drag, pull) with prefix `pari`.

Prefix: pari

Root: kṛṣ (class 1)

Note: The object is `imām` from the previous verse.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

From `tad` (that) + `dā` suffix.

Note: Temporal adverb.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle, emphasizing 'then'.

विदितम् (viditam) - it became known, I understood (known, understood, perceived)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vidita

vidita - known, understood, perceived

Past Passive Participle

From root `vid` (to know) + `kta` suffix.

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Refers to the state of `idam kulam` being known.

मह्यम् (mahyam) - to me, for me

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Indirect object of `viditam`.

पराभूतम् (parābhūtam) - defeated, disgraced, humiliated

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of parābhūta

parābhūta - defeated, overcome, disgraced, humiliated

Past Passive Participle

From `parā` + root `bhū` (to be) + `kta` suffix.

Prefix: parā

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective modifying `idam kulam`.

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Agrees with `kulam`.

कुलम् (kulam) - family, lineage, race

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kula

kula - family, lineage, race, house

Note: Subject of the impersonal `viditam`.