महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-23, verse-16

न तस्य पुत्रः पौत्रौ वा कुत एव स पार्थिव ।
लभते सुकृताँल्लोकान्यस्माद्वंशः प्रणश्यति ॥१६॥

16. na tasya putraḥ pautrau vā kuta eva sa pārthiva ,
labhate sukṛtāँllokānyasmādvaṁśaḥ praṇaśyati.

16. na tasya putraḥ pautrau vā kutaḥ eva saḥ pārthiva
labhate sukṛtān lokān yasmāt vaṃśaḥ praṇaśyati

16. yasmāt vaṃśaḥ praṇaśyati tasya putraḥ vā pautrau vā na
labhate saḥ pārthiva eva kutaḥ sukṛtān lokān labhate

16. Neither his son nor his grandson, indeed how could that king himself, attain the worlds earned by good deeds, if his lineage perishes?

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• तस्य (tasya) - Refers to the king whose lineage perishes. (his, of him, of that)

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

• पौत्रौ (pautrau) - two grandsons

• वा (vā) - or, either

• कुतः (kutaḥ) - rhetorical, implying 'not at all' (whence? from where? how? why?)

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, even

• सः (saḥ) - Refers to the king. (he, that)

• पार्थिव (pārthiva) - king, ruler, earthly

• लभते (labhate) - he obtains, he receives, he gains

• सुकृतान् (sukṛtān) - meritorious, well-performed, good deeds

• लोकान् (lokān) - Heavenly abodes or realms of liberation. (worlds, regions, realms)

• यस्मात् (yasmāt) - refers to the king, implying 'if by him' or 'if on his account'. (from whom, from which, because of whom/which)

• वंशः (vaṁśaḥ) - lineage, family, race

• प्रणश्यति (praṇaśyati) - perishes, is lost, disappears completely

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Particle of negation.

तस्य (tasya) - Refers to the king whose lineage perishes. (his, of him, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Genitive singular of demonstrative pronoun tad.

Note: Qualifies putraḥ and pautrau.

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Subject.

पौत्रौ (pautrau) - two grandsons

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of pautra

pautra - grandson

From putra (son) + a (suffix to form patronymic).

Note: Subject.

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

Particle expressing alternative.

Note: Connects alternatives.

कुतः (kutaḥ) - rhetorical, implying 'not at all' (whence? from where? how? why?)

(indeclinable)

From kim (what) + tas (ablative suffix).

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, even

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

Note: Emphasizes kutaḥ.

सः (saḥ) - Refers to the king. (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Nominative singular masculine of demonstrative pronoun tad.

Note: Agrees with pārthiva.

पार्थिव (pārthiva) - king, ruler, earthly

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārthiva

pārthiva - king, ruler, earthly, relating to the earth

From pṛthivī (earth) + a (suffix).

Note: Subject, along with putraḥ and pautrau.

लभते (labhate) - he obtains, he receives, he gains

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of labh

present tense

Root labh of class 1, ātmanepada.

Root: labh (class 1)

सुकृतान् (sukṛtān) - meritorious, well-performed, good deeds

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sukṛta

sukṛta - well-done, meritorious, virtuous, good deed

Past Passive Participle

From su (good) + root kṛ (to do).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+kṛta)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
  Prefix.
• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ 'to do, make'.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with lokān.

लोकान् (lokān) - Heavenly abodes or realms of liberation. (worlds, regions, realms)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, region, realm, people

From root lok 'to see'.

Root: lok (class 1)

Note: Object of labhate.

यस्मात् (yasmāt) - refers to the king, implying 'if by him' or 'if on his account'. (from whom, from which, because of whom/which)

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Ablative singular of relative pronoun yad. Used here to introduce a clause of cause or condition.

Note: Functions as 'if from whom' or 'on whose account'.

वंशः (vaṁśaḥ) - lineage, family, race

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaṃśa

vaṁśa - lineage, family, race, bamboo

Note: Subject of praṇaśyati.

प्रणश्यति (praṇaśyati) - perishes, is lost, disappears completely

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of praṇaś

present tense

From root naś 'to perish' with prefix pra. ṇatva due to pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: naś (class 4)