महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-23, verse-10

प्रेक्षन्त्या मे तदा हीमां वेपन्तीं कदलीमिव ।
स्त्रीधर्मिणीमनिन्द्याङ्गीं तथा द्यूतपराजिताम् ॥१०॥

10. prekṣantyā me tadā hīmāṁ vepantīṁ kadalīmiva ,
strīdharmiṇīmanindyāṅgīṁ tathā dyūtaparājitām.

10. prekṣantyā me tadā hi imām vepantīm kadalīm iva
strīdharmiṇīm anindyāṅgīm tathā dyūtapārājitām

10. Then, as I watched her—trembling like a plantain tree, being in her menstrual period, of blameless body, and defeated in gambling—

Words meanings summery:

• प्रेक्षन्त्या (prekṣantyā) - while I (the speaker, feminine) was looking on (while looking on, by the one seeing)

• मे (me) - my (referring to the speaker) (my, to me, for me)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• इमाम् (imām) - this woman (referring to Draupadi herself) (this (feminine))

• वेपन्तीम् (vepantīm) - trembling, shaking

• कदलीम् (kadalīm) - plantain tree, banana tree

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• स्त्रीधर्मिणीम् (strīdharmiṇīm) - being in her menstrual period (having a woman's particular characteristic, menstruating)

• अनिन्द्याङ्गीम् (anindyāṅgīm) - of blameless limbs/body, faultless in body

• तथा (tathā) - and, so, thus

• द्यूतपाराजिताम् (dyūtapārājitām) - defeated in gambling, conquered by dice

Words meanings and morphology

प्रेक्षन्त्या (prekṣantyā) - while I (the speaker, feminine) was looking on (while looking on, by the one seeing)

(adjective)

Genitive, feminine, singular of prekṣantī

prekṣantī - seeing, looking on, observing

Present Active Participle

From `pra` + root `īkṣ` (to see) + `śatṛ` suffix, feminine form.

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Used in a genitive absolute construction with 'me'.

मे (me) - my (referring to the speaker) (my, to me, for me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Optional form for genitive/dative singular. Here, possessive, referring to the speaker (Draupadi).

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

From `tad` (that) + `dā` suffix.

Note: Temporal adverb.

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

इमाम् (imām) - this woman (referring to Draupadi herself) (this (feminine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Object of the implicit main verb in the following verse.

वेपन्तीम् (vepantīm) - trembling, shaking

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vepantī

vepantī - trembling, shaking, quivering

Present Active Participle

From root `vep` (to tremble) + `śatṛ` suffix, feminine form.

Root: vep (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `imām`.

कदलीम् (kadalīm) - plantain tree, banana tree

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kadalī

kadalī - plantain tree, banana tree

Note: Used in comparison with `iva`.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

स्त्रीधर्मिणीम् (strīdharmiṇīm) - being in her menstrual period (having a woman's particular characteristic, menstruating)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of strīdharmiṇī

strīdharmiṇī - having a woman's natural state or characteristic; a menstruating woman

From `strīdharma` (woman's natural law/characteristic) + `ini` suffix, feminine form.

Compound type : tatpurusha (strī+dharma)

• strī – woman, female
  noun (feminine)
• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  From root `dhṛ` (to uphold) + `man` suffix.
  Root: dhṛ

Note: Agrees with `imām`.

अनिन्द्याङ्गीम् (anindyāṅgīm) - of blameless limbs/body, faultless in body

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of anindyāṅgī

anindyāṅgī - one whose limbs are blameless, of faultless body

From `a` (not) + `nindya` (blameworthy) + `aṅga` (limb) + `ī` (feminine suffix).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (a+nindya+aṅga)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• nindya – blameworthy, to be blamed
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive
  From root `nind` (to blame) + `ya` suffix.
  Root: nind (class 1)
• aṅga – limb, body part, body
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with `imām`.

तथा (tathā) - and, so, thus

(indeclinable)

From `tad` (that) + `thā` suffix.

Note: Conjunction, connecting the attributes.

द्यूतपाराजिताम् (dyūtapārājitām) - defeated in gambling, conquered by dice

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dyūtapārājitā

dyūtapārājitā - defeated in gambling, conquered by dice

Past Passive Participle used as adjective

From `dyūta` (gambling) + `parājita` (defeated).

Compound type : tatpurusha (dyūta+parājita)

• dyūta – gambling, game of dice
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (from `div`) used as noun.
  From root `div` (to play, to gamble) + `kta` suffix.
  Root: div (class 4)
• parājita – defeated, conquered, overcome
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From `parā` + root `ji` (to conquer) + `kta` suffix.
  Prefix: parā
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `imām`.