महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-23, verse-15

कथं न राजवंशोऽयं नश्येत्प्राप्य सुतान्मम ।
पाण्डोरिति मया पुत्र तस्मादुद्धर्षणं कृतम् ॥१५॥

15. kathaṁ na rājavaṁśo'yaṁ naśyetprāpya sutānmama ,
pāṇḍoriti mayā putra tasmāduddharṣaṇaṁ kṛtam.

15. katham na rājavaṃśaḥ ayam naśyet prāpya sutān mama
pāṇḍoḥ iti mayā putra tasmāt uddharṣaṇam kṛtam

15. putra ayam rājavaṃśaḥ mama sutān prāpya pāṇḍoḥ
katham na naśyet iti tasmāt mayā uddharṣaṇam kṛtam

15. O son, how could this royal lineage not perish, even after having received my sons as heirs, if it were to be governed by Pandu's line? It was with this understanding that I caused this incitement.

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - rhetorical, implying impossibility or certain destruction (how? in what manner?)

• न (na) - not, no

• राजवंशः (rājavaṁśaḥ) - The Kuru dynasty. (royal lineage, royal dynasty)

• अयम् (ayam) - this, he

• नश्येत् (naśyet) - may perish, should perish, would perish

• प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained, having reached, having acquired

• सुतान् (sutān) - sons

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• पाण्डोः (pāṇḍoḥ) - Refers to Pandu's line or sons (the Pandavas). (of Pandu, from Pandu)

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this way

• मया (mayā) - by me

• पुत्र (putra) - O son

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that, for that reason

• उद्ध्हर्षणम् (uddhharṣaṇam) - incitement, stimulation, provocation, exhilaration

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - done, made, performed

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - rhetorical, implying impossibility or certain destruction (how? in what manner?)

(indeclinable)

From kim (what) + tham (adverbial suffix).

Note: Used here in a rhetorical question, implying 'it certainly will perish'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Particle of negation.

राजवंशः (rājavaṁśaḥ) - The Kuru dynasty. (royal lineage, royal dynasty)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāja-vaṃśa

rāja-vaṁśa - royal lineage, royal dynasty

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (rājan+vaṃśa)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)
• vaṃśa – lineage, family, race, bamboo
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the verb naśyet.

अयम् (ayam) - this, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, here

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Agrees with rājavaṃśaḥ.

नश्येत् (naśyet) - may perish, should perish, would perish

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of naś

optative

Root naś of class 4.

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Expresses potential or desirability.

प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained, having reached, having acquired

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

From root āp 'to obtain' with prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Expresses an action preceding the main verb.

सुतान् (sutān) - sons

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of suta

suta - son, child

Past Passive Participle (of sū 'to give birth')

From root sū 'to beget, give birth to'.

Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Object of prāpya.

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I

Possessive genitive form of the first person pronoun.

Note: Qualifies sutān.

पाण्डोः (pāṇḍoḥ) - Refers to Pandu's line or sons (the Pandavas). (of Pandu, from Pandu)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pāṇḍu

pāṇḍu - Pandu (name of Dhritarashtra's brother, father of the Pandavas)

Note: Often implies 'sons of Pandu' or 'the Pandavas' in this context.

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this way

(indeclinable)

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I

पुत्र (putra) - O son

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Direct address.

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that, for that reason

(indeclinable)

Ablative singular of the demonstrative pronoun tad, used adverbially.

उद्ध्हर्षणम् (uddhharṣaṇam) - incitement, stimulation, provocation, exhilaration

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of uddhharṣaṇa

uddhharṣaṇa - incitement, stimulation, provocation, exhilaration

nomen actionis

From ud-hṛṣ (root hṛṣ 'to be excited') with suffix ana.

Prefix: ud

Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

Note: The word can also be nominative singular, but accusative fits the passive construction (kṛtam) better here.

कृतम् (kṛtam) - done, made, performed

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed

Past Passive Participle

From root kṛ 'to do, make'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Adjectival use, agreeing with uddharṣaṇam.