महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-23, verse-3

कथं पाण्डोर्न नश्येत संततिः पुरुषर्षभाः ।
यशश्च वो न नश्येत इति चोद्धर्षणं कृतम् ॥३॥

3. kathaṁ pāṇḍorna naśyeta saṁtatiḥ puruṣarṣabhāḥ ,
yaśaśca vo na naśyeta iti coddharṣaṇaṁ kṛtam.

3. katham pāṇḍoḥ na naśyeta santatiḥ puruṣarṣabhāḥ
yaśaḥ ca vaḥ na naśyeta iti ca uddharṣaṇam kṛtam

3. puruṣarṣabhāḥ,
pāṇḍoḥ santatiḥ katham na naśyeta? vaḥ yaśaḥ ca katham na naśyeta? iti ca uddharṣaṇam kṛtam

3. O foremost among men (puruṣarṣabhāḥ), how could the lineage of Pāṇḍu perish? And how could your renown not be lost? Thus, this encouragement was given.

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how, why

• पाण्डोः (pāṇḍoḥ) - of Pāṇḍu

• न (na) - not

• नश्येत (naśyeta) - may perish, should perish, would perish

• सन्ततिः (santatiḥ) - lineage, progeny, continuity

• पुरुषर्षभाः (puruṣarṣabhāḥ) - Used as an address to prominent men. (O foremost among men, O bull among men)

• यशः (yaśaḥ) - fame, glory, renown

• च (ca) - and, also

• वः (vaḥ) - your, to you

• न (na) - not

• नश्येत (naśyeta) - may perish, should perish, would perish

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, saying this

• च (ca) - and, also

• उद्धर्षणम् (uddharṣaṇam) - incitement, encouragement, excitement

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - done, made

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how, why

(indeclinable)

पाण्डोः (pāṇḍoḥ) - of Pāṇḍu

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pāṇḍu

pāṇḍu - Pāṇḍu (name of a king, father of the Pāṇḍavas)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

नश्येत (naśyeta) - may perish, should perish, would perish

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of naś

Optative Mood

Root naś, Class 4 (Divādi), Parasmaipada

Root: naś (class 4)

सन्ततिः (santatiḥ) - lineage, progeny, continuity

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of santati

santati - lineage, progeny, offspring, continuous line

Prefix: sam

Root: tan (class 8)

पुरुषर्षभाः (puruṣarṣabhāḥ) - Used as an address to prominent men. (O foremost among men, O bull among men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, plural of puruṣarṣabha

puruṣarṣabha - bull among men, foremost of men, excellent man

Compound type : tatpurusha (puruṣa+ṛṣabha)

• puruṣa – man, human being, person
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)

यशः (yaśaḥ) - fame, glory, renown

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yaśas

yaśas - fame, glory, renown, reputation

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

वः (vaḥ) - your, to you

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of yūṣmad

yūṣmad - you (second person plural pronoun)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

नश्येत (naśyeta) - may perish, should perish, would perish

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of naś

Optative Mood

Root naś, Class 4 (Divādi), Parasmaipada

Root: naś (class 4)

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, saying this

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

उद्धर्षणम् (uddharṣaṇam) - incitement, encouragement, excitement

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of uddharṣaṇa

uddharṣaṇa - incitement, encouragement, causing excitement or joy

Nominalization of verbal action

Derived from root hṛṣ with prefix ud- and suffix lyuṭ

Prefix: ud

Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

कृतम् (kṛtam) - done, made

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root kṛ with suffix kta

Root: kṛ (class 8)