महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-23, verse-12

विषण्णाः कुरवश्चैव तदा मे श्वशुरादयः ।
यदैषा नाथमिच्छन्ती व्यलपत्कुररी यथा ॥१२॥

12. viṣaṇṇāḥ kuravaścaiva tadā me śvaśurādayaḥ ,
yadaiṣā nāthamicchantī vyalapatkurarī yathā.

12. viṣaṇṇāḥ kuravaḥ ca eva tadā me śvaśurādayaḥ
yadā eṣā nātham icchantī vyalapat kurarī yathā

12. And at that time, my fathers-in-law and the Kurus themselves were distressed, when she, longing for a protector, wailed like a curlew.

Words meanings summery:

• विषण्णाः (viṣaṇṇāḥ) - dejected, disheartened, distressed

• कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - the Kauravas (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's family) (the Kurus, descendants of Kuru)

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• मे (me) - my (referring to the speaker) (my, to me, for me)

• श्वशुरादयः (śvaśurādayaḥ) - my fathers-in-law and other elders (fathers-in-law and others)

• यदा (yadā) - when

• एषा (eṣā) - this woman (referring to Draupadi) (this (feminine))

• नाथम् (nātham) - lord, master, protector

• इच्छन्ती (icchantī) - longing for (desiring, wishing, seeking)

• व्यलपत् (vyalapat) - wailed, lamented, cried out

• कुररी (kurarī) - a bird known for its mournful cry (female osprey, curlew)

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, like

Words meanings and morphology

विषण्णाः (viṣaṇṇāḥ) - dejected, disheartened, distressed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of viṣaṇṇa

viṣaṇṇa - dejected, depressed, sad, distressed

Past Passive Participle

From `vi` + root `sad` (to sink down) + `kta` suffix. `ṣaṇṇa` is a sandhi form of `sanna`.

Prefix: vi

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for `kuravaḥ` and `śvaśurādayaḥ`.

कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - the Kauravas (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's family) (the Kurus, descendants of Kuru)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - a descendant of Kuru, the Kauravas

Clan name, referring to the descendants of King Kuru.

Note: One of the subjects of the implied verb 'were'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

From `tad` (that) + `dā` suffix.

Note: Temporal adverb.

मे (me) - my (referring to the speaker) (my, to me, for me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Optional form for genitive/dative singular. Here, possessive.

श्वशुरादयः (śvaśurādayaḥ) - my fathers-in-law and other elders (fathers-in-law and others)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śvaśurādi

śvaśurādi - fathers-in-law and so on, beginning with fathers-in-law

Compound ending with `ādi` (etc.).

Compound type : tatpurusha (śvaśura+ādi)

• śvaśura – father-in-law
  noun (masculine)
• ādi – beginning, starting with, and others, etc.
  noun (masculine)

Note: One of the subjects, along with `kuravaḥ`.

यदा (yadā) - when

(indeclinable)

From `yad` (which) + `dā` suffix.

Note: Introduces a temporal clause.

एषा (eṣā) - this woman (referring to Draupadi) (this (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject of `vyalapat`.

नाथम् (nātham) - lord, master, protector

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nātha

nātha - lord, master, protector, husband

From root `nāth` (to ask, supplicate, seek protection).

Root: nāth (class 1)

Note: Object of `icchantī`.

इच्छन्ती (icchantī) - longing for (desiring, wishing, seeking)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of icchantī

icchantī - desiring, wishing, seeking

Present Active Participle

From root `iṣ` (to wish, desire) + `śatṛ` suffix, feminine form.

Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: Agrees with `eṣā`.

व्यलपत् (vyalapat) - wailed, lamented, cried out

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vi-lap

Imperfect (Laṅ-lakāra), Active Voice (parasmaipada)

3rd person singular. Root `lap` (to speak, lament) with prefix `vi`.

Prefix: vi

Root: lap (class 1)

Note: Main verb for `eṣā`.

कुररी (kurarī) - a bird known for its mournful cry (female osprey, curlew)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kurarī

kurarī - a female osprey or curlew (a bird known for its plaintive cry)

Feminine form of `kurara`.

Note: Used in comparison with `yathā`.

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, like

(indeclinable)

From `yad` (which) + `thā` suffix.

Note: Particle of comparison.