महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-23, verse-5

कथं धर्मभृतां श्रेष्ठो राजा त्वं वासवोपमः ।
पुनर्वने न दुःखी स्या इति चोद्धर्षणं कृतम् ॥५॥

5. kathaṁ dharmabhṛtāṁ śreṣṭho rājā tvaṁ vāsavopamaḥ ,
punarvane na duḥkhī syā iti coddharṣaṇaṁ kṛtam.

5. katham dharmabhṛtām śreṣṭhaḥ rājā tvam vāsavopamaḥ
punaḥ vane na duḥkhī syāt iti ca uddharṣaṇam kṛtam

5. tvam dharmabhṛtām śreṣṭhaḥ vāsavopamaḥ rājā punaḥ
vane katham na duḥkhī syāt? iti ca uddharṣaṇam kṛtam

5. How could you, the foremost among the upholders of natural law (dharma), a king comparable to Vāsava (Indra), again be unhappy in the forest? Thus, this encouragement was given.

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how, why

• धर्मभृताम् (dharmabhṛtām) - of the upholders of dharma, of those who maintain justice/duty

• श्रेष्ठः (śreṣṭhaḥ) - foremost, best, most excellent

• राजा (rājā) - king

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• वासवोपमः (vāsavopamaḥ) - comparable to Vāsava (Indra)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, furthermore

• वने (vane) - in the forest

• न (na) - not

• दुःखी (duḥkhī) - unhappy, sorrowful, miserable

• स्यात् (syāt) - may be, should be, would be

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, saying this

• च (ca) - and, also

• उद्धर्षणम् (uddharṣaṇam) - incitement, encouragement, excitement

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - done, made

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how, why

(indeclinable)

धर्मभृताम् (dharmabhṛtām) - of the upholders of dharma, of those who maintain justice/duty

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dharmabhṛt

dharmabhṛt - upholder of dharma, maintainer of righteousness/law

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+bhṛt)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue
  noun (masculine)
• bhṛt – bearing, carrying, supporting, upholding
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  Derived from root bhṛ
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)

श्रेष्ठः (śreṣṭhaḥ) - foremost, best, most excellent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, most excellent, chief, supreme

Superlative degree

Superlative of praśasya (excellent) or śrī (prosperity)

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yūṣmad

yūṣmad - you (second person singular pronoun)

वासवोपमः (vāsavopamaḥ) - comparable to Vāsava (Indra)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāsavopama

vāsavopama - similar to Vāsava (Indra)

Compound type : tatpurusha (vāsava+upama)

• vāsava – Indra (king of gods), a son of Vasu
  proper noun (masculine)
• upama – comparison, simile, resembling, similar
  adjective (masculine)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, furthermore

(indeclinable)

वने (vane) - in the forest

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

दुःखी (duḥkhī) - unhappy, sorrowful, miserable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkhin

duḥkhin - unhappy, sorrowful, miserable, distressed

Derived from duḥkha with suffix in

स्यात् (syāt) - may be, should be, would be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of as

Optative Mood

Root as, Class 2 (Adādi), Parasmaipada

Root: as (class 2)

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, saying this

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

उद्धर्षणम् (uddharṣaṇam) - incitement, encouragement, excitement

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of uddharṣaṇa

uddharṣaṇa - incitement, encouragement, causing excitement or joy

Nominalization of verbal action

Derived from root hṛṣ with prefix ud- and suffix lyuṭ

Prefix: ud

Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

कृतम् (kṛtam) - done, made

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root kṛ with suffix kta

Root: kṛ (class 8)