महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-12, verse-14

स्थूणाश्मानं वाजिरथप्रधानां ध्वजद्रुमैः संवृतकूलरोधसम् ।
पदातिनागैर्बहुकर्दमां नदीं सपत्ननाशे नृपतिः प्रयायात् ॥१४॥

14. sthūṇāśmānaṁ vājirathapradhānāṁ; dhvajadrumaiḥ saṁvṛtakūlarodhasam ,
padātināgairbahukardamāṁ nadīṁ; sapatnanāśe nṛpatiḥ prayāyāt.

14. sthūṇāśmānam vājirathapradhānām
dhvajadrumaiḥ saṃvṛtakūlarodhasam
padātināgaiḥ bahukardamām
nadīm sapatnanāśe nṛpatiḥ prayāyāt

14. nṛpatiḥ sapatnanāśe sthūṇāśmānam
vājirathapradhānām dhvajadrumaiḥ
saṃvṛtakūlarodhasam padātināgaiḥ
bahukardamām nadīm prayāyāt

14. For the destruction of his enemies, a king should cross a river that has pillars and stones as obstacles, where horses and chariots are prominent (as features or impediments), whose banks and obstacles are covered with flags and trees, and which is very muddy from infantry and elephants.

Words meanings summery:

• स्थूणाश्मानम् (sthūṇāśmānam) - a river with pillars and stones acting as obstacles (having pillars and stones)

• वाजिरथप्रधानाम् (vājirathapradhānām) - a river where horses and chariots are prominent (as features or impediments) (having horses and chariots as primary elements/obstacles)

• ध्वजद्रुमैः (dhvajadrumaiḥ) - with flags (of enemy or marking territory) and trees (by flags and trees)

• संवृतकूलरोधसम् (saṁvṛtakūlarodhasam) - a river whose banks and obstacles are covered/filled (by flags and trees) (having banks and impediments covered)

• पदातिनागैः (padātināgaiḥ) - by the movement of infantry and elephants (making the river muddy) (by infantry and elephants)

• बहुकर्दमाम् (bahukardamām) - a river that is extremely muddy (very muddy, having much mud)

• नदीम् (nadīm) - river

• सपत्ननाशे (sapatnanāśe) - for the purpose of destroying enemies (in the destruction of enemies, for the destruction of enemies)

• नृपतिः (nṛpatiḥ) - the king, the lord of men

• प्रयायात् (prayāyāt) - he should traverse/cross (the river) (he should go forth, he should cross, he should traverse)

Words meanings and morphology

स्थूणाश्मानम् (sthūṇāśmānam) - a river with pillars and stones acting as obstacles (having pillars and stones)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sthūṇāśman

sthūṇāśman - having pillars and stones

Bahuvrihi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sthūṇā+aśman)

• sthūṇā – pillar, post, column
  noun (feminine)
• aśman – stone, rock, thunderbolt
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'nadīm'.

वाजिरथप्रधानाम् (vājirathapradhānām) - a river where horses and chariots are prominent (as features or impediments) (having horses and chariots as primary elements/obstacles)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vājirathapradhāna

vājirathapradhāna - having horses and chariots as primary, chief of horses and chariots

Bahuvrihi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vājin+ratha+pradhāna)

• vājin – horse, swift, strong
  noun (masculine)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• pradhāna – chief, principal, prominent, primary
  adjective

Note: Modifies 'nadīm'.

ध्वजद्रुमैः (dhvajadrumaiḥ) - with flags (of enemy or marking territory) and trees (by flags and trees)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of dhvajadruma

dhvajadruma - flags and trees

Compound type : dvandva (dhvaja+druma)

• dhvaja – flag, banner, emblem
  noun (masculine)
• druma – tree
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used with 'saṃvṛta'.

संवृतकूलरोधसम् (saṁvṛtakūlarodhasam) - a river whose banks and obstacles are covered/filled (by flags and trees) (having banks and impediments covered)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of saṃvṛtakūlarodhas

saṁvṛtakūlarodhas - having banks and obstructions covered

Bahuvrihi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saṃvṛta+kūla+rodhas)

• saṃvṛta – covered, concealed, filled, surrounded
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'vṛ' with prefix 'sam'.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: vṛ (class 5)
• kūla – bank, shore, slope
  noun (neuter)
• rodhas – dam, bank, obstruction, impediment
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies 'nadīm'.

पदातिनागैः (padātināgaiḥ) - by the movement of infantry and elephants (making the river muddy) (by infantry and elephants)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of padātināga

padātināga - infantry and elephants

Compound type : dvandva (padāti+nāga)

• padāti – foot-soldier, infantry
  noun (masculine)
• nāga – elephant, snake
  noun (masculine)

Note: Indicates the agents causing the muddiness.

बहुकर्दमाम् (bahukardamām) - a river that is extremely muddy (very muddy, having much mud)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bahukardama

bahukardama - having much mud, very muddy

Bahuvrihi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bahu+kardama)

• bahu – much, many, abundant
  adjective
• kardama – mud, mire, dirt
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'nadīm'.

नदीम् (nadīm) - river

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nadī

nadī - river, stream

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: The main object being described.

सपत्ननाशे (sapatnanāśe) - for the purpose of destroying enemies (in the destruction of enemies, for the destruction of enemies)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of sapatnanāśa

sapatnanāśa - destruction of enemies

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sapatna+nāśa)

• sapatna – enemy, rival
  noun (masculine)
• nāśa – destruction, ruin, loss
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'naś'.
  Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Specifies the goal of the action.

नृपतिः (nṛpatiḥ) - the king, the lord of men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpati

nṛpati - king, ruler, lord of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pati)

• nṛ – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• pati – lord, master, husband, protector
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'prayāyāt'.

प्रयायात् (prayāyāt) - he should traverse/cross (the river) (he should go forth, he should cross, he should traverse)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of yā

Optative, 3rd person singular

From root 'yā' with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)