महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-12, verse-13

तुष्टपुष्टबलो यायाद्राजा वृद्ध्युदये रतः ।
आहूतश्चाप्यथो यायादनृतावपि पार्थिवः ॥१३॥

13. tuṣṭapuṣṭabalo yāyādrājā vṛddhyudaye rataḥ ,
āhūtaścāpyatho yāyādanṛtāvapi pārthivaḥ.

13. tuṣṭapuṣṭabalaḥ yāyāt rājā vṛddhyudaye rataḥ
āhūtaḥ ca api atho yāyāt anṛtau api pārthivaḥ

13. rājā tuṣṭapuṣṭabalaḥ vṛddhyudaye rataḥ (san) yāyāt
atho āhūtaḥ ca api pārthivaḥ anṛtau api yāyāt

13. A king whose army is content and well-nourished, and who is intent on achieving growth and prosperity, should undertake an expedition. Moreover, a ruler should set out even in an unfavorable season if he is summoned.

Words meanings summery:

• तुष्टपुष्टबलः (tuṣṭapuṣṭabalaḥ) - a king whose forces are content and strong (having a satisfied and nourished army)

• यायात् (yāyāt) - he should undertake (an expedition/journey) (he should go, he should undertake)

• राजा (rājā) - the king

• वृद्ध्युदये (vṛddhyudaye) - intent on achieving growth and prosperity (in growth and prosperity, in increase and rising)

• रतः (rataḥ) - intent on (growth and prosperity) (devoted to, intent on, engaged in)

• आहूतः (āhūtaḥ) - when summoned (to battle or for help) (summoned, called)

• च (ca) - and also (and, also)

• अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

• अथो (atho) - furthermore (and then, moreover)

• यायात् (yāyāt) - he should set out (he should go, he should undertake)

• अनृतौ (anṛtau) - even in an unseasonable time for warfare (in an unfavorable season, in an improper time)

• अपि (api) - even (in an unfavorable season) (even, also)

• पार्थिवः (pārthivaḥ) - the ruler, the king

Words meanings and morphology

तुष्टपुष्टबलः (tuṣṭapuṣṭabalaḥ) - a king whose forces are content and strong (having a satisfied and nourished army)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tuṣṭapuṣṭabala

tuṣṭapuṣṭabala - having satisfied and nourished forces

Bahuvrihi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tuṣṭa+puṣṭa+bala)

• tuṣṭa – satisfied, contented, pleased
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'tuṣ'.
  Root: tuṣ (class 4)
• puṣṭa – nourished, strong, thriving, plump
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'puṣ'.
  Root: puṣ (class 4)
• bala – strength, force, army, troops
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'rājā'.

यायात् (yāyāt) - he should undertake (an expedition/journey) (he should go, he should undertake)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of yā

Optative, 3rd person singular

Root 'yā'.

Root: yā (class 2)

राजा (rājā) - the king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Root: rāj

Note: Subject of the first clause.

वृद्ध्युदये (vṛddhyudaye) - intent on achieving growth and prosperity (in growth and prosperity, in increase and rising)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vṛddhyudaya

vṛddhyudaya - growth and rise, increase and prosperity

Compound type : dvandva (vṛddhi+udaya)

• vṛddhi – growth, increase, prosperity, success
  noun (feminine)
  From root 'vṛdh'.
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)
• udaya – rise, ascent, prosperity, dawn, emergence
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'i' with prefix 'ud'.
  Prefix: ud
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Connected with 'rataḥ'.

रतः (rataḥ) - intent on (growth and prosperity) (devoted to, intent on, engaged in)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rata

rata - devoted, engaged, fond of, pleased

Past Passive Participle

From root 'ram'.

Root: ram (class 1)

आहूतः (āhūtaḥ) - when summoned (to battle or for help) (summoned, called)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āhūta

āhūta - called, summoned, invoked

Past Passive Participle

From root 'hvā' (or 'hū') with prefix 'ā'.

Prefix: ā

Root: hvā / hū (class 1)

च (ca) - and also (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects clauses.

अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

अथो (atho) - furthermore (and then, moreover)

(indeclinable)

'atha' with 'u' (sandhi particle).

यायात् (yāyāt) - he should set out (he should go, he should undertake)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of yā

Optative, 3rd person singular

Root 'yā'.

Root: yā (class 2)

अनृतौ (anṛtau) - even in an unseasonable time for warfare (in an unfavorable season, in an improper time)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of anṛtu

anṛtu - unseasonable, unfavorable season, irregular time

Negative compound 'na' + 'ṛtu'.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+ṛtu)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• ṛtu – season, proper time
  noun (masculine)

अपि (api) - even (in an unfavorable season) (even, also)

(indeclinable)

पार्थिवः (pārthivaḥ) - the ruler, the king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārthiva

pārthiva - belonging to the earth, earthly, a king, a prince

Derived from 'pṛthivī' (earth).

Note: Subject of the second clause.