महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-12, verse-1

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
संधिविग्रहमप्यत्र पश्येथा राजसत्तम ।
द्वियोनिं त्रिविधोपायं बहुकल्पं युधिष्ठिर ॥१॥

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
saṁdhivigrahamapyatra paśyethā rājasattama ,
dviyoniṁ trividhopāyaṁ bahukalpaṁ yudhiṣṭhira.

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca saṃdhivigraham api atra paśyethāḥ
rājasattama dviyonim trividhopāyam bahukalpam yudhiṣṭhira

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca he rājasattama he yudhiṣṭhira atra dviyonim
trividhopāyam bahukalpam saṃdhivigraham api paśyethāḥ

1. Dhritarashtra said: 'O best of kings, Yudhishthira, you should also consider here the policies of alliance and separation, which have two origins, three types of means, and many alternatives.'

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhritarashtra

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• संधिविग्रहम् (saṁdhivigraham) - policies of alliance and separation (alliance and separation, peace and war)

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this place, in this matter

• पश्येथाः (paśyethāḥ) - you should see, you should consider, you should examine

• राजसत्तम (rājasattama) - O best of kings

• द्वियोनिम् (dviyonim) - having two sources/origins

• त्रिविधोपायम् (trividhopāyam) - having three kinds of means/expedients

• बहुकल्पम् (bahukalpam) - having many alternatives/options

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhishthira

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhritarashtra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhritarashtra (a king in the Mahabharata)

Compound: Dhṛta (held/supported) + rāṣṭra (kingdom/nation) = "one whose kingdom is supported."

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, borne, supported
  participle
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root dhṛ (to hold, support).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, nation, country
  noun (neuter)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

संधिविग्रहम् (saṁdhivigraham) - policies of alliance and separation (alliance and separation, peace and war)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃdhivigraha

saṁdhivigraha - peace and war, alliance and separation (as a dvandva compound or a pair of concepts)

Dvandva compound of saṃdhi (alliance/peace) and vigraha (war/separation).

Compound type : dvandva (saṃdhi+vigraha)

• saṃdhi – union, junction, alliance, peace treaty
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root dhā (to place) with prefix sam-.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• vigraha – separation, war, fight, division
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root grah (to seize) with prefix vi-.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: grah (class 9)

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

Particle.

अत्र (atra) - here, in this place, in this matter

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

पश्येथाः (paśyethāḥ) - you should see, you should consider, you should examine

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhiliṅ) of dṛś

Root dṛś, changed to paśya in present and optative stems.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: The ending thāḥ is for 2nd person singular middle voice optative.

राजसत्तम (rājasattama) - O best of kings

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājasattama

rājasattama - best of kings, chief of kings

Compound of rāja (king) and sattama (best, superlative of sat/sādhu).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+sattama)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)
• sattama – best, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative suffix tama added to sat (good).
  Root: as (class 2)

द्वियोनिम् (dviyonim) - having two sources/origins

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dviyoni

dviyoni - having two sources, born of two origins

Bahuvrīhi compound of dvi (two) and yoni (origin, source).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+yoni)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• yoni – origin, source, womb, place of birth
  noun (feminine)
  Root: yu

त्रिविधोपायम् (trividhopāyam) - having three kinds of means/expedients

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of trividhopāya

trividhopāya - having three kinds of means, having three expedients

Bahuvrīhi compound: trividha (three-fold) + upāya (means/expedient).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (trividha+upāya)

• trividha – three-fold, of three kinds
  adjective
  Compound of tri (three) and vidha (kind).
• upāya – means, expedient, method, way
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root i (to go) with prefix upa-.
  Prefix: upa
  Root: i (class 2)

बहुकल्पम् (bahukalpam) - having many alternatives/options

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bahukalpa

bahukalpa - having many alternatives, possessing many options

Bahuvrīhi compound: bahu (many) + kalpa (option, alternative, choice).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bahu+kalpa)

• bahu – many, much, numerous
  adjective
• kalpa – option, alternative, rule, ritual, aeon
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root kḷp (to arrange, be suitable).
  Root: kḷp (class 1)

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (eldest Pandava brother)

Compound: yudhi (in battle) + sthira (firm) = "firm in battle".

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudh+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
  Root yudh used as a noun in locative yudhi.
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, constant
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root sthā (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)