महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-53, verse-12

तत्राहं वर्तमानैश्च निवृत्तैश्चैव मानवैः ।
बह्वीः संसरमाणो वै योनीर्हि द्विजसत्तम ॥१२॥

12. tatrāhaṁ vartamānaiśca nivṛttaiścaiva mānavaiḥ ,
bahvīḥ saṁsaramāṇo vai yonīrhi dvijasattama.

12. tatra aham vartamānaiḥ ca nivṛttaiḥ ca eva mānavaiḥ
bahvīḥ saṃsaramāṇaḥ vai yonīḥ hi dvijasattama

12. dvijasattama tatra aham vartamānaiḥ ca nivṛttaiḥ
ca eva mānavaiḥ bahvīḥ yonīḥ hi vai saṃsaramāṇaḥ

12. O best among the twice-born (dvijasattama), there I, undergoing transmigration (saṃsāra), indeed pass through many births, alongside both living and departed human beings.

Words meanings summery:

• तत्र (tatra) - there (referring to a previously established context or realm) (there, in that place, then)

• अहम् (aham) - I (the speaker) (I)

• वर्तमानैः (vartamānaiḥ) - by/with living (human beings) (by living ones, by existing ones, by those present)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• निवृत्तैः (nivṛttaiḥ) - by/with departed (human beings) (by those ceased, by those retired, by those departed)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - indeed, also (indeed, only, just)

• मानवैः (mānavaiḥ) - by human beings (both living and departed) (by humans, by human beings)

• बह्वीः (bahvīḥ) - many (many, numerous)

• संसरमाणः (saṁsaramāṇaḥ) - undergoing transmigration (saṃsāra) (wandering, transmigrating, undergoing rebirth)

• वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, truly, surely)

• योनीः (yonīḥ) - births, species of existence (wombs, origins, births, species)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for, because)

• द्विजसत्तम (dvijasattama) - O best among the twice-born (addressing a sage or Brahmin) (best among the twice-born (Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas))

Words meanings and morphology

तत्र (tatra) - there (referring to a previously established context or realm) (there, in that place, then)

(indeclinable)

Locative adverb derived from 'tad' (that).

अहम् (aham) - I (the speaker) (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Nominative singular form of the pronoun 'asmad'.

वर्तमानैः (vartamānaiḥ) - by/with living (human beings) (by living ones, by existing ones, by those present)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vartamāna

vartamāna - existing, living, present, being

Present Participle (Ātmanepada)

Present participle from root √vṛt (to exist, to be, to turn).

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying 'mānavaiḥ'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'vartamānaiḥ' and 'nivṛttaiḥ'.

निवृत्तैः (nivṛttaiḥ) - by/with departed (human beings) (by those ceased, by those retired, by those departed)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of nivṛtta

nivṛtta - ceased, retired, turned back, departed

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle from root √vṛt (to turn) with prefix 'ni'.

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying 'mānavaiḥ'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Part of 'ca...caiva' construction.

एव (eva) - indeed, also (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

मानवैः (mānavaiḥ) - by human beings (both living and departed) (by humans, by human beings)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mānava

mānava - human, human being, descendant of Manu

Derived from 'manu' (man, Manu).

बह्वीः (bahvīḥ) - many (many, numerous)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, numerous, abundant

Feminine accusative plural form of 'bahu'.

Note: Adjective modifying 'yonīḥ'.

संसरमाणः (saṁsaramāṇaḥ) - undergoing transmigration (saṃsāra) (wandering, transmigrating, undergoing rebirth)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃsaramāṇa

saṁsaramāṇa - wandering, transmigrating, undergoing rebirth

Present Participle (Ātmanepada)

Present participle from root √sṛ (to flow, move) with prefix 'sam'. Denotes the act of 'saṃsāra'.

Prefix: sam

Root: sṛ (class 1)

Note: Participle modifying 'aham'.

वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, truly, surely)

(indeclinable)

योनीः (yonīḥ) - births, species of existence (wombs, origins, births, species)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of yoni

yoni - womb, origin, source, birth, species, realm of existence

Note: Object of the participle 'saṃsaramāṇaḥ'.

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for, because)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

द्विजसत्तम (dvijasattama) - O best among the twice-born (addressing a sage or Brahmin) (best among the twice-born (Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dvijasattama

dvijasattama - best among the twice-born

Superlative compound of 'dvija' (twice-born) and 'sattama' (best).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvija+sattama)

• dvija – twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya), bird, tooth
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of 'dvi' (two) and 'ja' (born).
  Root: jan (class 4)
• sattama – best, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative suffix -tama added to 'sat' (good, existing).