महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-3, verse-21

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
कथं यज्ञे मरुत्तस्य द्रविणं तत्समाचितम् ।
कस्मिंश्च काले स नृपो बभूव वदतां वर ॥२१॥

21. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
kathaṁ yajñe maruttasya draviṇaṁ tatsamācitam ,
kasmiṁśca kāle sa nṛpo babhūva vadatāṁ vara.

21. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca katham yajñe maruttasya draviṇam tat
samācitam kasmin ca kāle saḥ nṛpaḥ babhūva vadatām vara

21. vadatām vara yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca katham maruttasya yajñe
tat draviṇam samācitam ca kasmin kāle saḥ nṛpaḥ babhūva

21. Yudhiṣṭhira said: O best of speakers, how was that wealth accumulated in Marutta's Vedic ritual (yajña)? And in what era did that king live?

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - The eldest Pāṇḍava, Yudhiṣṭhira (Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava))

• उवाच (uvāca) - Yudhiṣṭhira said (said, spoke, declared)

• कथम् (katham) - how (was it accumulated) (how, in what manner, why)

• यज्ञे (yajñe) - in the Vedic ritual (yajña) (in the Vedic ritual, in the yajña, in the sacrifice)

• मरुत्तस्य (maruttasya) - of King Marutta (of Marutta)

• द्रविणम् (draviṇam) - the accumulated wealth (wealth, property, riches, money)

• तत् (tat) - that (wealth) (that, this, he, she, it)

• समाचितम् (samācitam) - accumulated (referring to the wealth) (accumulated, collected, amassed)

• कस्मिन् (kasmin) - in what (time/era) (in which, what)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• काले (kāle) - in what era (in time, in an era, at a period)

• सः (saḥ) - that (king) (he, that)

• नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - that king (Marutta) (king, ruler)

• बभूव (babhūva) - did that king exist/live (was, came into being, happened, existed)

• वदताम् (vadatām) - of speakers (as in 'best of speakers') (of those who speak, among speakers)

• वर (vara) - O best one, O excellent one (addressed to Vyāsa) (best, excellent, boon, suitor)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - The eldest Pāṇḍava, Yudhiṣṭhira (Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - steadfast in battle, Yudhiṣṭhira

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle, in the fight
  noun (feminine)
  Locative singular of yudh
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, constant, immovable
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - Yudhiṣṭhira said (said, spoke, declared)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect

Third person singular perfect active of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

कथम् (katham) - how (was it accumulated) (how, in what manner, why)

(indeclinable)

यज्ञे (yajñe) - in the Vedic ritual (yajña) (in the Vedic ritual, in the yajña, in the sacrifice)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of yajña

yajña - Vedic ritual, sacrifice, worship

Root: yaj (class 1)

मरुत्तस्य (maruttasya) - of King Marutta (of Marutta)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of marutta

marutta - Marutta (name of an ancient king)

द्रविणम् (draviṇam) - the accumulated wealth (wealth, property, riches, money)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of draviṇa

draviṇa - wealth, property, riches, money, strength

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Can also be accusative singular. Here it is the subject of samācitam.

तत् (tat) - that (wealth) (that, this, he, she, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

Note: Agrees with draviṇam.

समाचितम् (samācitam) - accumulated (referring to the wealth) (accumulated, collected, amassed)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of samācita

samācita - accumulated, collected, heaped up

Past Passive Participle

Derived from sam-ā-ci (to collect, heap up)

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: ci (class 5)

Note: Agrees with draviṇam. Can also be interpreted as the predicate nominative forming a passive construction with an implied 'was'.

कस्मिन् (kasmin) - in what (time/era) (in which, what)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Agrees with kāle.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

काले (kāle) - in what era (in time, in an era, at a period)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, era, season

Root: kal (class 10)

सः (saḥ) - that (king) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he

Note: Agrees with nṛpaḥ.

नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - that king (Marutta) (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler, protector of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protecting, drinking, protector
  noun (masculine)
  From root pā (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 2)

बभूव (babhūva) - did that king exist/live (was, came into being, happened, existed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of bhū

perfect

Third person singular perfect active of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

वदताम् (vadatām) - of speakers (as in 'best of speakers') (of those who speak, among speakers)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vadat

vadat - speaking, speaker

Present Active Participle

Derived from root vad (to speak)

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Genitive plural, used in a superlative sense with vara (best of X).

वर (vara) - O best one, O excellent one (addressed to Vyāsa) (best, excellent, boon, suitor)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, choicest, boon, suitor, husband

Root: vṛ (class 9)

Note: Used in address 'O best of speakers' (vadatām vara).