महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-3, verse-17

पृथिवी दक्षिणा चात्र विधिः प्रथमकल्पिकः ।
विद्वद्भिः परिदृष्टोऽयं शिष्टो विधिविपर्ययः ॥१७॥

17. pṛthivī dakṣiṇā cātra vidhiḥ prathamakalpikaḥ ,
vidvadbhiḥ paridṛṣṭo'yaṁ śiṣṭo vidhiviparyayaḥ.

17. pṛthivī dakṣiṇā ca atra vidhiḥ prathamakalpikaḥ
vidvadbhiḥ paridṛṣṭaḥ ayaṃ śiṣṭaḥ vidhiviparyayaḥ

17. atra pṛthivī dakṣiṇā ca prathamakalpikaḥ vidhiḥ
ayaṃ vidhiviparyayaḥ vidvadbhiḥ paridṛṣṭaḥ śiṣṭaḥ

17. Here, offering land as the primary ritual gift (dakṣiṇā) is the fundamental procedure (vidhi). However, this deviation from the rule is observed and approved by the learned (vidvadbhiḥ).

Words meanings summery:

• पृथिवी (pṛthivī) - earth, ground, land

• दक्षिणा (dakṣiṇā) - ritual gift in a Vedic ceremony (ritual gift, fee, offering)

• च (ca) - and, also

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter

• विधिः (vidhiḥ) - rule, procedure, method, injunction

• प्रथमकल्पिकः (prathamakalpikaḥ) - primary, original, fundamental

• विद्वद्भिः (vidvadbhiḥ) - by the learned, by the wise

• परिदृष्टः (paridṛṣṭaḥ) - seen, observed, inspected

• अयम् (ayam) - this (masculine)

• शिष्टः (śiṣṭaḥ) - approved or accepted (by the wise) (approved, sanctioned, remaining, disciplined, wise)

• विधिविपर्ययः (vidhiviparyayaḥ) - deviation from rule, transgression of procedure

Words meanings and morphology

पृथिवी (pṛthivī) - earth, ground, land

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pṛthivī

pṛthivī - earth, ground, land

दक्षिणा (dakṣiṇā) - ritual gift in a Vedic ceremony (ritual gift, fee, offering)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dakṣiṇā

dakṣiṇā - ritual gift, fee; south; right (direction)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter

(indeclinable)

विधिः (vidhiḥ) - rule, procedure, method, injunction

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidhi

vidhi - rule, method, procedure, ordinance, injunction

Root: dhā

प्रथमकल्पिकः (prathamakalpikaḥ) - primary, original, fundamental

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prathamakalpika

prathamakalpika - primary, original, fundamental, relating to the first option

Derived from prathamakalpa with suffix -ika

विद्वद्भिः (vidvadbhiḥ) - by the learned, by the wise

(noun)

Instrumental, plural of vidvat

vidvat - learned, wise (adjective); a learned person (noun)

Present Active Participle

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Used substantively as 'by the learned ones'

परिदृष्टः (paridṛṣṭaḥ) - seen, observed, inspected

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paridṛṣṭa

paridṛṣṭa - seen, observed, perceived, scrutinized

Past Passive Participle

Prefix: pari

Root: dṛś (class 1)

अयम् (ayam) - this (masculine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

शिष्टः (śiṣṭaḥ) - approved or accepted (by the wise) (approved, sanctioned, remaining, disciplined, wise)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śiṣṭa

śiṣṭa - taught, disciplined, cultured, approved, remaining, traditional

Past Passive Participle

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

विधिविपर्ययः (vidhiviparyayaḥ) - deviation from rule, transgression of procedure

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidhiviparyaya

vidhiviparyaya - deviation from rule, reversal of rule, transgression of procedure

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vidhi+viparyaya)

• vidhi – rule, procedure, method, injunction
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhā
• viparyaya – inversion, reverse, contrary, deviation
  noun (masculine)
  Prefixes: vi+pari
  Root: i (class 2)