महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-3, verse-1

व्यास उवाच ।
युधिष्ठिर तव प्रज्ञा न सम्यगिति मे मतिः ।
न हि कश्चित्स्वयं मर्त्यः स्ववशः कुरुते क्रियाः ॥१॥

1. vyāsa uvāca ,
yudhiṣṭhira tava prajñā na samyagiti me matiḥ ,
na hi kaścitsvayaṁ martyaḥ svavaśaḥ kurute kriyāḥ.

1. vyāsaḥ uvāca yudhiṣṭhira tava prajñā na samyak iti me
matiḥ na hi kaścit svayam martyaḥ svavaśaḥ kurute kriyāḥ

1. vyāsaḥ uvāca yudhiṣṭhira tava prajñā samyak na iti me
matiḥ hi na kaścit martyaḥ svayam svavaśaḥ kriyāḥ kurute

1. Vyāsa said: "Yudhiṣṭhira, my opinion is that your intellect is not entirely correct. Indeed, no mortal performs actions (kriyāḥ) completely of their own accord."

Words meanings summery:

• व्यासः (vyāsaḥ) - Sage Vyasa, the speaker of these verses (Vyasa, the compiler of the Vedas and Puranas)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira, addressing the eldest Pandava brother (Yudhishthira (proper name))

• तव (tava) - your, of you

• प्रज्ञा (prajñā) - your intellect, understanding (wisdom, intelligence, understanding, insight)

• न (na) - not, no

• सम्यक् (samyak) - not entirely correct (properly, correctly, entirely, well)

• इति (iti) - indicating the conclusion of a thought or statement (thus, so; marks direct speech or thought)

• मे (me) - my (opinion) (to me, for me; my, mine)

• मतिः (matiḥ) - my opinion, my view (thought, opinion, mind, intelligence)

• न (na) - not, no

• हि (hi) - emphasizes the statement, 'indeed, because' (indeed, surely, for)

• कश्चित् (kaścit) - no one (in conjunction with 'na') (anyone, someone)

• स्वयम् (svayam) - of their own accord, by themselves (by oneself, personally, automatically)

• मर्त्यः (martyaḥ) - any mortal being (mortal, human being)

• स्ववशः (svavaśaḥ) - acting independently, of their own will (self-controlled, independent, under one's own power)

• कुरुते (kurute) - does, performs, makes

• क्रियाः (kriyāḥ) - acts or deeds performed by a mortal (actions, deeds, rites)

Words meanings and morphology

व्यासः (vyāsaḥ) - Sage Vyasa, the speaker of these verses (Vyasa, the compiler of the Vedas and Puranas)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyāsa

vyāsa - Vyasa, compiler; extender, amplifier

From vi + as (to throw, scatter), literally 'one who scatters' or 'arranges divergently'.

Prefix: vi

Root: as (class 4)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Root 'vac' (2nd class) forms 'uvāca' in the perfect tense (Lit. Parasmaipada).

Root: vac (class 2)

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira, addressing the eldest Pandava brother (Yudhishthira (proper name))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle; a proper name, the eldest of the Pandavas

Compound of 'yudhi' (locative of yudh 'battle') and 'sthira' ('firm').

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudh+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Genitive singular form of 'yuṣmad' (2nd person pronoun).

प्रज्ञा (prajñā) - your intellect, understanding (wisdom, intelligence, understanding, insight)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of prajñā

prajñā - wisdom, intelligence, insight, discernment

From 'pra' (prefix) + root 'jñā' (to know).

Prefix: pra

Root: jñā (class 9)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

सम्यक् (samyak) - not entirely correct (properly, correctly, entirely, well)

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'sam-añc' meaning 'going together, converging'.

Prefix: sam

Root: añc (class 5)

Note: Functions as an adverb here.

इति (iti) - indicating the conclusion of a thought or statement (thus, so; marks direct speech or thought)

(indeclinable)

मे (me) - my (opinion) (to me, for me; my, mine)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Enclitic dative/genitive singular form of 'asmad' (1st person pronoun).

Note: Can be dative or genitive; here functions as a possessive (my).

मतिः (matiḥ) - my opinion, my view (thought, opinion, mind, intelligence)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mati

mati - mind, thought, intelligence, opinion, intention

From root 'man' (to think).

Root: man (class 4)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - emphasizes the statement, 'indeed, because' (indeed, surely, for)

(indeclinable)

कश्चित् (kaścit) - no one (in conjunction with 'na') (anyone, someone)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścit

kaścit - someone, anyone, a certain one

Indefinite pronoun formed from 'ka' (who?) and enclitic 'cit'.

स्वयम् (svayam) - of their own accord, by themselves (by oneself, personally, automatically)

(indeclinable)

Accusative singular of the reflexive pronoun 'sva' used adverbially.

Note: Functions as an adverb.

मर्त्यः (martyaḥ) - any mortal being (mortal, human being)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of martya

martya - mortal, human; earth

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

Derived from root 'mṛ' (to die), meaning 'that which is destined to die'.

Root: mṛ (class 1)

स्ववशः (svavaśaḥ) - acting independently, of their own will (self-controlled, independent, under one's own power)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of svavaśa

svavaśa - self-controlled, independent, free, master of oneself

Bahuvrihi compound 'sva' (own) + 'vaśa' (will, control).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sva+vaśa)

• sva – one's own, self; wealth, property
  pronoun (masculine)
• vaśa – will, power, control, authority
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'martyaḥ'.

कुरुते (kurute) - does, performs, makes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of kṛ

Present Middle

3rd person singular, present tense, Ātmanepada (middle voice) of root 'kṛ' (8th class).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

क्रियाः (kriyāḥ) - acts or deeds performed by a mortal (actions, deeds, rites)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of kriyā

kriyā - action, deed, performance, ritual

From root 'kṛ' (to do).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Can also be nominative plural, but here it's the object of 'kurute'.