महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-78, verse-3

स एव चेतसा तेन हतो लिप्येत सर्वदा ।
शकृता च पवित्रार्थं कुर्वीरन्देवमानुषाः ॥३॥

3. sa eva cetasā tena hato lipyeta sarvadā ,
śakṛtā ca pavitrārthaṁ kurvīrandevamānuṣāḥ.

3. saḥ eva cetasā tena hataḥ lipyeta sarvadā
śakṛtā ca pavitrārtham kurvīran devamānuṣāḥ

3. saḥ eva tena cetasā hataḥ sarvadā lipyeta
ca devamānuṣāḥ śakṛtā pavitrārtham kurvīran

3. He alone, who is afflicted by such a mind, would always be tainted. And gods and humans should undertake purification for the sake of purity (pavitrārtham) with cow dung (śakṛtā).

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• एव (eva) - only, just, indeed

• चेतसा (cetasā) - by the mind, with the thought

• तेन (tena) - by that (mind)

• हतः (hataḥ) - afflicted or influenced (struck, killed, afflicted, destroyed)

• लिप्येत (lipyeta) - may be tainted, would be stained

• सर्वदा (sarvadā) - always, at all times

• शकृता (śakṛtā) - by cow dung, by excrement

• च (ca) - and, also

• पवित्रार्थम् (pavitrārtham) - for the purpose of purification, for purity

• कुर्वीरन् (kurvīran) - they should do, they should perform

• देवमानुषाः (devamānuṣāḥ) - gods and humans

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to an implied subject.

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed

(indeclinable)

चेतसा (cetasā) - by the mind, with the thought

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of cetas

cetas - mind, consciousness, thought, intellect

Note: Refers to the internal instrument.

तेन (tena) - by that (mind)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers back to a previously mentioned mind or thought.

हतः (hataḥ) - afflicted or influenced (struck, killed, afflicted, destroyed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of han

han - to strike, to kill, to destroy, to afflict

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'han' (2nd class).

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Acts as an adjective describing the subject 'saḥ'.

लिप्येत (lipyeta) - may be tainted, would be stained

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, optative (liṅ) of lip

Optative mood, third person singular, passive voice

Root 'lip' (6th class), passive formation with 'ya'.

Root: lip (class 6)

सर्वदा (sarvadā) - always, at all times

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'sarva' (all) + 'dā' suffix indicating time.

Note: Adverb of time.

शकृता (śakṛtā) - by cow dung, by excrement

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śakṛt

śakṛt - excrement, dung (especially cow dung, used ritually)

Note: Common in Vedic rituals for purification.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two clauses.

पवित्रार्थम् (pavitrārtham) - for the purpose of purification, for purity

(indeclinable)

Compound: pavitra (pure, purifying) + artha (purpose, meaning).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pavitra+artha)

• pavitra – pure, holy, purifying, sacred
  adjective (neuter)
• artha – purpose, aim, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adverbial accusative, "for the sake of purity".

कुर्वीरन् (kurvīran) - they should do, they should perform

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, optative (liṅ) of kṛ

Optative mood, third person plural, middle voice

Root 'kṛ' (8th class).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Expresses a command or suggestion.

देवमानुषाः (devamānuṣāḥ) - gods and humans

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of devamānuṣa

devamānuṣa - gods and humans

Compound: deva (god) + mānuṣa (human).

Compound type : dvandva (deva+mānuṣa)

• deva – god, deity, divine
  noun (masculine)
• mānuṣa – human, man, mortal
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'kurvīran'.