महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-78, verse-1

वसिष्ठ उवाच ।
शतं वर्षसहस्राणां तपस्तप्तं सुदुश्चरम् ।
गोभिः पूर्वविसृष्टाभिर्गच्छेम श्रेष्ठतामिति ॥१॥

1. vasiṣṭha uvāca ,
śataṁ varṣasahasrāṇāṁ tapastaptaṁ suduścaram ,
gobhiḥ pūrvavisṛṣṭābhirgacchema śreṣṭhatāmiti.

1. vasiṣṭha uvāca śatam varṣasahastrāṇām tapaḥ taptam
suduścaram gobhiḥ pūrvavisṛṣṭābhiḥ gacchema śreṣṭhatām iti

1. Vaśiṣṭha said: 'A hundred thousand years of extremely difficult austerity (tapas) was performed, with the aim that we might attain supremacy through the cows previously manifested.'

Words meanings summery:

• वसिष्ठ (vasiṣṭha) - Vaśiṣṭha (a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• शतम् (śatam) - a hundred

• वर्षसहस्त्राणाम् (varṣasahastrāṇām) - of thousands of years

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance

• तप्तम् (taptam) - performed, practiced, heated

• सुदुश्चरम् (suduścaram) - very difficult to perform, extremely severe

• गोभिः (gobhiḥ) - by means of cows, with cows

• पूर्वविसृष्टाभिः (pūrvavisṛṣṭābhiḥ) - by means of (cows) previously manifested/created

• गच्छेम (gacchema) - may we attain, may we go

• श्रेष्ठताम् (śreṣṭhatām) - supremacy, superiority, pre-eminence

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, marking the end of a quote or purpose

Words meanings and morphology

वसिष्ठ (vasiṣṭha) - Vaśiṣṭha (a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vasiṣṭha

vasiṣṭha - Vaśiṣṭha (name of a celebrated Vedic sage); most excellent, best

Superlative of 'vasu'.

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root vac (Pāṇini 2.58). Perfect tense form.

Root: vac (class 2)

शतम् (śatam) - a hundred

(numeral)

वर्षसहस्त्राणाम् (varṣasahastrāṇām) - of thousands of years

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of varṣasahasra

varṣasahasra - a thousand years

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (varṣa+sahasra)

• varṣa – year, rain
  noun (neuter)
• sahasra – thousand
  numeral (neuter)

Note: Refers to a period of time.

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, warmth, asceticism, austerity, penance (tapas)

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'taptam' (implied verb 'was').

तप्तम् (taptam) - performed, practiced, heated

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tapta

tapta - heated, hot, performed (of penance)

past passive participle

Derived from root tap (to heat, to perform austerity).

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Null verb 'is' or 'was' implied.

सुदुश्चरम् (suduścaram) - very difficult to perform, extremely severe

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of suduścara

suduścara - very difficult to perform, very hard to practice, extremely arduous

Compound of 'su-' (very) + 'duṣ-' (difficult) + 'cara' (to perform/practice).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+dus+cara)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
  prefix
• dus – bad, hard, difficult
  indeclinable
  prefix
• cara – moving, going, performing, practicing
  adjective
  Derived from root car- (to move, to perform)
  Root: car (class 1)

गोभिः (gobhiḥ) - by means of cows, with cows

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, cattle, ox, bull, earth, ray of light

Note: Instrumental, indicates the means.

पूर्वविसृष्टाभिः (pūrvavisṛṣṭābhiḥ) - by means of (cows) previously manifested/created

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of pūrvavisṛṣṭa

pūrvavisṛṣṭa - previously created, formerly manifested

Compound of 'pūrva' (previous) + 'visṛṣṭa' (created/manifested).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pūrva+visṛṣṭa)

• pūrva – previous, former, prior
  adjective (masculine)
• visṛṣṭa – emitted, created, manifested, sent forth
  participle (masculine)
  past passive participle
  Derived from root sṛj- (to create, to emit) with prefix vi-.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Modifies 'gobhiḥ'.

गच्छेम (gacchema) - may we attain, may we go

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of gam

Root gam (Pāṇini 1.1037). Optative mood.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Expresses a wish or possibility.

श्रेष्ठताम् (śreṣṭhatām) - supremacy, superiority, pre-eminence

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śreṣṭhatā

śreṣṭhatā - supremacy, superiority, excellence, pre-eminence

Derived from 'śreṣṭha' (best, most excellent) + suffix '-tā' (fem. noun).

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, marking the end of a quote or purpose

(indeclinable)

Particle used to mark a quotation, a purpose, or a reason.