महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-142, verse-16

समुदग्रध्वजान्दृष्ट्वा कपान्सर्वे द्विजातयः ।
व्यसृजञ्ज्वलितानग्नीन्कपानां प्राणनाशनान् ॥१६॥

16. samudagradhvajāndṛṣṭvā kapānsarve dvijātayaḥ ,
vyasṛjañjvalitānagnīnkapānāṁ prāṇanāśanān.

16. samudagradhvajān dṛṣṭvā kapān sarve dvijātayaḥ
vyasṛjan jvalitān agnīn kapānām prāṇanāśanān

16. sarve dvijātayaḥ samudagradhvajān kapān dṛṣṭvā
kapānām prāṇanāśanān jvalitān agnīn vyasṛjan

16. Having seen all the Kapas with their uplifted banners, the twice-born (dvijātayaḥ) released blazing fires that were destructive to the lives of the Kapas.

Words meanings summery:

• समुदग्रध्वजान् (samudagradhvajān) - with uplifted banners

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• कपान् (kapān) - the Kapas

• सर्वे (sarve) - all

• द्विजातयः (dvijātayaḥ) - the twice-born (brahmins)

• व्यसृजन् (vyasṛjan) - they released, they emitted

• ज्वलितान् (jvalitān) - blazing, ignited

• अग्नीन् (agnīn) - fires

• कपानाम् (kapānām) - of the Kapas

• प्राणनाशनान् (prāṇanāśanān) - life-destroying, deadly

Words meanings and morphology

समुदग्रध्वजान् (samudagradhvajān) - with uplifted banners

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of samudagradhvaja

samudagradhvaja - having uplifted banners, with high standards

Bahuvrīhi compound

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (samudagra+dhvaja)

• samudagra – upraised, uplifted, prominent
  adjective
  from sam-ut-√ag
  Prefixes: sam+ut
  Root: ag (class 1)
• dhvaja – banner, flag
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies `kapān`.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

from √dṛś + -tvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

कपान् (kapān) - the Kapas

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kapa

kapa - monkey, a specific tribe or group of people (contextual)

Note: Object of `dṛṣṭvā`.

सर्वे (sarve) - all

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Agrees with `dvijātayaḥ`.

द्विजातयः (dvijātayaḥ) - the twice-born (brahmins)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dvijāti

dvijāti - twice-born, a brahmin (who undergoes upanayana ceremony as a second birth)

compound of dvi (two) and jāti (birth)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvi+jāti)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• jāti – birth, class, species
  noun (feminine)
  from √jan
  Root: jan (class 4)

व्यसृजन् (vyasṛjan) - they released, they emitted

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of vi-sṛj

Imperfect active third person plural

from √sṛj with prefix vi

Prefix: vi

Root: sṛj (class 6)

ज्वलितान् (jvalitān) - blazing, ignited

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of jvalita

jvalita - blazing, inflamed, shining

Past Passive Participle

from √jval

Root: jval (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `agnīn`.

अग्नीन् (agnīn) - fires

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of agni

agni - fire, the god of fire

Note: Object of `vyasṛjan`.

कपानाम् (kapānām) - of the Kapas

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kapa

kapa - monkey, a specific tribe or group of people (contextual)

Note: Possessive with `prāṇanāśanān`.

प्राणनाशनान् (prāṇanāśanān) - life-destroying, deadly

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of prāṇanāśana

prāṇanāśana - destroying life, deadly

compound of prāṇa (life-breath) and nāśana (destroying)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prāṇa+nāśana)

• prāṇa – life-breath, vital air, life
  noun (masculine)
• nāśana – destroying, ruinous
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/action noun
  from √naś
  Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Qualifies `agnīn`.