महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-142, verse-12

उपेत्य शकटैर्यान्ति न सेवन्ति रजस्वलाम् ।
अभुक्तवत्सु नाश्नन्ति दिवा चैव न शेरते ॥१२॥

12. upetya śakaṭairyānti na sevanti rajasvalām ,
abhuktavatsu nāśnanti divā caiva na śerate.

12. upetya śakaṭaiḥ yānti na sevanti rajasvalām
abhuktavatsu na aśnanti divā ca eva na śerate

12. They travel by carts, and they do not associate with a menstruating woman. They do not eat before others have eaten, nor do they sleep during the day.

Words meanings summery:

• उपेत्य (upetya) - having arrived (by some means) (having approached, having gone near, having obtained)

• शकटैः (śakaṭaiḥ) - using carts (for travel or transport) (by carts, with wagons)

• यान्ति (yānti) - they travel, they proceed (they go, they travel)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• सेवन्ति (sevanti) - they associate with, they consort with (they serve, they attend upon, they frequent, they associate with)

• रजस्वलाम् (rajasvalām) - a woman in her menstrual period (a menstruating woman)

• अभुक्तवत्सु (abhuktavatsu) - in the presence of those who are yet to eat (among those who have not eaten)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अश्नन्ति (aśnanti) - they eat food (they eat, they partake)

• दिवा (divā) - during daylight hours (by day, during the day)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly (indeed, only, just, exactly, certainly)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• शेरते (śerate) - they rest by sleeping (they sleep, they lie down)

Words meanings and morphology

उपेत्य (upetya) - having arrived (by some means) (having approached, having gone near, having obtained)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root i (to go) with prefix upa.

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

शकटैः (śakaṭaiḥ) - using carts (for travel or transport) (by carts, with wagons)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śakaṭa

śakaṭa - cart, wagon, carriage

यान्ति (yānti) - they travel, they proceed (they go, they travel)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of yā

Present Active

Root yā (2nd class, adādi).

Root: yā (class 2)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

सेवन्ति (sevanti) - they associate with, they consort with (they serve, they attend upon, they frequent, they associate with)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of sev

Present Active

Root sev (1st class, bhvādi).

Root: sev (class 1)

Note: sev is typically an ātmanepada verb. The use of parasmaipada sevanti here is a classical usage.

रजस्वलाम् (rajasvalām) - a woman in her menstrual period (a menstruating woman)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of rajasvalā

rajasvalā - menstruating woman

From rajas (menses) + suffix vala or asvala.

अभुक्तवत्सु (abhuktavatsu) - in the presence of those who are yet to eat (among those who have not eaten)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of abhuktavat

abhuktavat - one who has not eaten

Past Active Participle (negative)

a (negation) + bhukta (PPP of bhuj) + vat (suffix for active participle).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+bhuktavat)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• bhuktavat – one who has eaten
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Active Participle
  Past Passive Participle bhukta (from root bhuj) + suffix vat.
  Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Past active participle used as a substantive.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

अश्नन्ति (aśnanti) - they eat food (they eat, they partake)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of aś

Present Active

Root aś (9th class, kryādi).

Root: aś (class 9)

दिवा (divā) - during daylight hours (by day, during the day)

(indeclinable)

Derived from div (heaven, day).

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly (indeed, only, just, exactly, certainly)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

शेरते (śerate) - they rest by sleeping (they sleep, they lie down)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of śī

Present Middle

Root śī (2nd class, adādi), ātmanepada (middle voice) conjugation.

Root: śī (class 2)