महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-141, verse-4

असुरैर्वध्यमानास्ते क्षीणप्राणा दिवौकसः ।
अपश्यन्त तपस्यन्तमत्रिं विप्रं महावने ॥४॥

4. asurairvadhyamānāste kṣīṇaprāṇā divaukasaḥ ,
apaśyanta tapasyantamatriṁ vipraṁ mahāvane.

4. asuraiḥ vadhyamānāḥ te kṣīṇaprāṇāḥ divaukasaḥ
apaśyanta tapasyantam atrim vipram mahāvane

4. te kṣīṇaprāṇāḥ asuraiḥ vadhyamānāḥ divaukasaḥ
mahāvane tapasyantam vipram atrim apaśyanta

4. Those gods, with their vital energies depleted and being slain by the asuras, saw the sage Atri performing austerities (tapas) in the great forest.

Words meanings summery:

• असुरैः (asuraiḥ) - by the asuras, by the demons

• वध्यमानाः (vadhyamānāḥ) - being killed, being slaughtered, being attacked

• ते (te) - those, they

• क्षीणप्राणाः (kṣīṇaprāṇāḥ) - whose life forces are diminished, whose vital breath is exhausted, weakened

• दिवौकसः (divaukasaḥ) - dwellers of heaven, gods

• अपश्यन्त (apaśyanta) - they saw

• तपस्यन्तम् (tapasyantam) - performing austerities, practicing penance

• अत्रिम् (atrim) - Atri

• विप्रम् (vipram) - sage, Brahmin

• महावने (mahāvane) - in the great forest

Words meanings and morphology

असुरैः (asuraiḥ) - by the asuras, by the demons

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of asura

asura - demon, titan, anti-god, mighty one

वध्यमानाः (vadhyamānāḥ) - being killed, being slaughtered, being attacked

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vadhyamāna

vadhyamāna - being killed, being struck, being slain

Present Passive Participle

Derived from root 'vadh' (to strike, kill) with the suffix '-yamāna'.

Root: vadh (वध्) (class 1)

Note: Refers to 'divaukasaḥ'.

ते (te) - those, they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it, they

Note: Refers to 'divaukasaḥ'.

क्षीणप्राणाः (kṣīṇaprāṇāḥ) - whose life forces are diminished, whose vital breath is exhausted, weakened

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṣīṇaprāṇa

kṣīṇaprāṇa - having diminished vital energy, exhausted, weak

Bahuvrīhi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṣīṇa+prāṇa)

• kṣīṇa – diminished, exhausted, wasted, lost
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'kṣi' (to waste, destroy) with suffix '-ta'.
  Root: kṣi (क्षि) (class 5)
• prāṇa – life-breath, vital energy, vital air, spirit
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: an (अन्) (class 2)

Note: Refers to 'divaukasaḥ'.

दिवौकसः (divaukasaḥ) - dwellers of heaven, gods

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of divaukas

divaukas - celestial being, god, inhabitant of heaven

Compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (div+okas)

• div – heaven, sky, day
  noun (feminine)
• okas – dwelling, house, abode
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of 'apaśyanta'.

अपश्यन्त (apaśyanta) - they saw

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ (लङ्)) of paś

imperfect past tense

Implies 'a' (augment) + 'paśyat' (present stem) + 'an' (plural ending). Root 'dṛś' takes 'paśya' stem in present.

Prefix: a

Root: dṛś (दृश्) (class 1)

तपस्यन्तम् (tapasyantam) - performing austerities, practicing penance

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tapasyant

tapasyant - practicing austerities/penance

Present Active Participle

From denominative verb 'tapasyati' (to perform tapas), root 'tapas' + 'yat' + 'śatṛ' suffix.

Root: tapas (तपस्)

Note: Refers to 'atrim'.

अत्रिम् (atrim) - Atri

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of atri

atri - Atri (name of a Vedic sage, one of the Saptarishis)

Note: Object of 'apaśyanta'.

विप्रम् (vipram) - sage, Brahmin

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vipra

vipra - inspired, sage, wise man, Brahmin, priest

Root: vip (विप्)

Note: Adjective describing 'atrim'.

महावने (mahāvane) - in the great forest

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of mahāvana

mahāvana - great forest, large forest

Karmadhāraya compound.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+vana)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)