महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-141, verse-20

ततः कर्म समारब्धं हिताय सहसाश्विनोः ।
च्यवनेन ततो मन्त्रैरभिभूताः सुराभवन् ॥२०॥

20. tataḥ karma samārabdhaṁ hitāya sahasāśvinoḥ ,
cyavanena tato mantrairabhibhūtāḥ surābhavan.

20. tataḥ karma samārabdham hitāya sahasā aśvinoḥ
cyavanena tataḥ mantraiḥ abhibhūtāḥ surāḥ abhavan

20. cyavanena sahasā aśvinoḥ hitāya karma samārabdham
tataḥ surāḥ mantraiḥ abhibhūtāḥ abhavan

20. Then, a ritual (karma) was swiftly commenced by Cyavana for the welfare of the Aśvins. Consequently, the gods became overpowered by the sacred chants.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereupon, from that, consequently)

• कर्म (karma) - ritual (karma) (action, deed, work, ritual)

• समारब्धम् (samārabdham) - was commenced (begun, commenced)

• हिताय (hitāya) - for the welfare (for the welfare, for the benefit, for the good)

• सहसा (sahasā) - swiftly (suddenly, swiftly, forcibly, at once)

• अश्विनोः (aśvinoḥ) - of the Aśvins (of the two Aśvins)

• च्यवनेन (cyavanena) - by Cyavana

• ततः (tataḥ) - consequently (then, thereupon, from that, consequently)

• मन्त्रैः (mantraiḥ) - by the sacred chants (by sacred hymns, by incantations, by sacred formulas)

• अभिभूताः (abhibhūtāḥ) - overpowered (overpowered, subdued, overcome)

• सुराः (surāḥ) - the gods (gods, deities)

• अभवन् (abhavan) - became (they were, they became)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereupon, from that, consequently)

(indeclinable)

कर्म (karma) - ritual (karma) (action, deed, work, ritual)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, work, ritual, fate, destiny

From √kṛ 'to do'

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Can also be accusative singular, but nominative fits here with 'samārabdham'.

समारब्धम् (samārabdham) - was commenced (begun, commenced)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of samārabdha

samārabdha - begun, commenced, undertaken

Past Passive Participle

From sam-ā-√rabh (to begin)

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: rabh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'karma'.

हिताय (hitāya) - for the welfare (for the welfare, for the benefit, for the good)

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of hita

hita - welfare, benefit, good, proper

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √dhā, meaning 'that which is placed or established for good'.

Root: dhā (class 3)

सहसा (sahasā) - swiftly (suddenly, swiftly, forcibly, at once)

(indeclinable)

Instrumental case of 'sahas' (strength, power) used as an adverb.

अश्विनोः (aśvinoḥ) - of the Aśvins (of the two Aśvins)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of aśvin

aśvin - Aśvin (divine twin horsemen, celestial physicians)

Note: Can also be locative dual.

च्यवनेन (cyavanena) - by Cyavana

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of cyavana

cyavana - Cyavana (name of a sage)

Note: Agent of 'samārabdham'.

ततः (tataḥ) - consequently (then, thereupon, from that, consequently)

(indeclinable)

मन्त्रैः (mantraiḥ) - by the sacred chants (by sacred hymns, by incantations, by sacred formulas)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mantra

mantra - sacred hymn, incantation, sacred formula, Vedic verse, counsel, thought

From √man 'to think', with suffix -tra

Root: man (class 4)

अभिभूताः (abhibhūtāḥ) - overpowered (overpowered, subdued, overcome)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of abhibhūta

abhibhūta - overpowered, subdued, overcome, vanquished

Past Passive Participle

From abhi-√bhū 'to overcome'

Prefix: abhi

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'surāḥ'.

सुराः (surāḥ) - the gods (gods, deities)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sura

sura - god, deity

अभवन् (abhavan) - became (they were, they became)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect Active

3rd person plural, imperfect active

Root: bhū (class 1)