महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-137, verse-21

अर्जुनस्य वचः श्रुत्वा वित्रस्ताभून्निशाचरी ।
अथैनमन्तरिक्षस्थस्ततो वायुरभाषत ॥२१॥

21. arjunasya vacaḥ śrutvā vitrastābhūnniśācarī ,
athainamantarikṣasthastato vāyurabhāṣata.

21. arjunasya vacaḥ śrutvā vitrastā abhūt niśācarī
atha enam antarikṣasthaḥ tataḥ vāyuḥ abhāṣata

21. Having heard Arjuna's words, the night-demoness became greatly frightened. Then, Vāyu, from his position in the sky, spoke to him.

Words meanings summery:

• अर्जुनस्य (arjunasya) - of Arjuna

• वचः (vacaḥ) - words (word, speech, utterance)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• वित्रस्ता (vitrastā) - greatly frightened (greatly frightened, terrified)

• अभूत् (abhūt) - became (became, was)

• निशाचरी (niśācarī) - night-demoness (night-wanderer, demoness)

• अथ (atha) - then (then, now, moreover)

• एनम् (enam) - him (Arjuna) (him (accusative))

• अन्तरिक्षस्थः (antarikṣasthaḥ) - (being) in the sky (standing in the sky, heavenly)

• ततः (tataḥ) - from there (the sky) (then, from there, thence)

• वायुः (vāyuḥ) - Vāyu (the wind-god) (wind, Vāyu (the god of wind))

• अभाषत (abhāṣata) - spoke (spoke, addressed)

Words meanings and morphology

अर्जुनस्य (arjunasya) - of Arjuna

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (a name, particularly of the Pāṇḍava prince), white, silver

Note: Possessive of 'vacaḥ'.

वचः (vacaḥ) - words (word, speech, utterance)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, saying, utterance

From root 'vac' (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form from root 'śru' (5P) with suffix -tvā.

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Forms a compound verb meaning "after hearing".

वित्रस्ता (vitrastā) - greatly frightened (greatly frightened, terrified)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vitrasta

vitrasta - greatly frightened, terrified, alarmed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'tras' (to tremble) with upasarga 'vi' and suffix -ta. Feminine form.

Prefix: vi

Root: tras (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'niśācarī'.

अभूत् (abhūt) - became (became, was)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of bhū

Aorist tense

From root 'bhū' (1P), Aorist, 3rd person singular Parasmaipada. augment 'a-' + 'bhū' + 't'.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the first half.

निशाचरी (niśācarī) - night-demoness (night-wanderer, demoness)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of niśācarī

niśācarī - night-wanderer, demoness, female ghost

Feminine form of 'niśācara'. Compound of 'niśā' (night) and root 'car' (to move) + suffix 'ī'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (niśā+carī)

• niśā – night
  noun (feminine)
• carī – wandering, moving
  adjective (feminine)
  Feminine of 'cara', from root 'car' (to move).
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Subject.

अथ (atha) - then (then, now, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the beginning of a new sentence or clause.

एनम् (enam) - him (Arjuna) (him (accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of enad

enad - this, that, he, him

Note: Object of 'abhāṣata'.

अन्तरिक्षस्थः (antarikṣasthaḥ) - (being) in the sky (standing in the sky, heavenly)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of antarikṣastha

antarikṣastha - standing in the sky, located in the atmosphere/space

Compound of 'antarikṣa' (atmosphere/sky) and 'stha' (standing).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (antarikṣa+stha)

• antarikṣa – atmosphere, sky, space
  noun (neuter)
• stha – standing, staying, situated
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'sthā' (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Describes Vāyu.

ततः (tataḥ) - from there (the sky) (then, from there, thence)

(indeclinable)

From pronominal stem 'ta' + suffix '-tas'.

Note: Adverb of place, referring to 'antarikṣa'.

वायुः (vāyuḥ) - Vāyu (the wind-god) (wind, Vāyu (the god of wind))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāyu

vāyu - wind, air, the god Vāyu

Root: vā (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'abhāṣata'.

अभाषत (abhāṣata) - spoke (spoke, addressed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhāṣ

Imperfect tense

From root 'bhāṣ' (1A), Imperfect, 3rd person singular Ātmanepada. augment 'a-' + 'bhāṣ' + '-ata'.

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the second half.