महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-100, verse-21

राजर्त्विजं स्नातकं च गुरुं श्वशुरमेव च ।
अर्चयेन्मधुपर्केण परिसंवत्सरोषितान् ॥२१॥

21. rājartvijaṁ snātakaṁ ca guruṁ śvaśurameva ca ,
arcayenmadhuparkeṇa parisaṁvatsaroṣitān.

21. rājaṛtvijam snātakam ca gurum śvaśuram eva ca
arcayet madhuparkeṇa parisamvatsara uṣitān

21. rājaṛtvijam snātakam ca gurum śvaśuram eva ca
parisamvatsara uṣitān madhuparkeṇa arcayet

21. One should honor with (madhuparka) the royal priest (rājarṭvij), the snātaka, the preceptor (guru), and the father-in-law, especially those who have returned after a year's absence.

Words meanings summery:

• राजऋत्विजम् (rājaṛtvijam) - royal priest

• स्नातकम् (snātakam) - a snātaka (a Brahmin who has completed his Vedic studies)

• च (ca) - and

• गुरुम् (gurum) - preceptor (guru) (teacher, preceptor (guru))

• श्वशुरम् (śvaśuram) - father-in-law

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, quite

• च (ca) - and

• अर्चयेत् (arcayet) - one should honor, one should worship

• मधुपर्केण (madhuparkeṇa) - with madhuparka (a respectful offering)

• परिसम्वत्सर उषितान् (parisamvatsara uṣitān) - those who have returned after a year's absence (those who have resided for a full year)

Words meanings and morphology

राजऋत्विजम् (rājaṛtvijam) - royal priest

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājaṛtvij

rājaṛtvij - royal priest, king's priest (rāja + ṛtvij)

Compound noun.

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (rājan+ṛtvij)

• rājan – king, sovereign
  noun (masculine)
  n-ending noun.
  Root: rāj (class 1)
• ṛtvij – priest, especially one who performs a Vedic ritual (yajña) at the proper time
  noun (masculine)
  From 'ṛ' (to go) + 'tvi' + 'j' (from 'jan' to be born).
  Root: ṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'arcayet'.

स्नातकम् (snātakam) - a snātaka (a Brahmin who has completed his Vedic studies)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of snātaka

snātaka - a Brahmin who has completed his Vedic studies and ritual bath, an initiated student

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

From root 'snā' (to bathe) + 'kta' suffix + 'ka' suffix.

Root: snā (class 2)

Note: Object of 'arcayet'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

गुरुम् (gurum) - preceptor (guru) (teacher, preceptor (guru))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of guru

guru - heavy, weighty, important, venerable, teacher, preceptor (guru)

u-ending noun.

Root: gṛ (class 6)

Note: Object of 'arcayet'.

श्वशुरम् (śvaśuram) - father-in-law

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śvaśura

śvaśura - father-in-law

Related to Latin 'socer', Greek 'hekurós'.

Note: Object of 'arcayet'.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, quite

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

Note: Used to emphasize the preceding word.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

अर्चयेत् (arcayet) - one should honor, one should worship

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of arc

Optative Active

From root 'arc' (to honor), parasmaipada, 3rd person singular, optative mood.

Root: arc (class 1)

Note: Implied subject is 'a householder'.

मधुपर्केण (madhuparkeṇa) - with madhuparka (a respectful offering)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of madhuparka

madhuparka - a respectful offering, usually of honey, curd, ghee, water, etc.

Compound: 'madhu' (honey) + 'arka' (respect, worship, or a specific composition).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (madhu+arka)

• madhu – honey, sweet, mead
  noun (neuter)
  u-ending noun.
  Root: mad (class 4)
• arka – praise, song, sun, respect, offering
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'arc' (to praise, worship).
  Root: arc (class 1)

Note: Means 'by means of madhuparka'.

परिसम्वत्सर उषितान् (parisamvatsara uṣitān) - those who have returned after a year's absence (those who have resided for a full year)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of parisamvatsaroṣita

parisamvatsaroṣita - one who has stayed (away) for a full year

Compound: 'parisamvatsara' (full year) + 'uṣita' (stayed/resided). 'uṣita' is PPP of 'vas' (to dwell).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (parisamvatsara+uṣita)

• parisamvatsara – a full year, an entire year
  noun (masculine)
  Compound: 'pari' (around) + 'sam' (together) + 'vatsara' (year).
  Prefixes: pari+sam
• uṣita – resided, dwelt, stayed, passed (of time)
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'vas' (to dwell, to stay) + 'kta' suffix.
  Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Modifies the previously listed individuals.