महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-100, verse-19

आचार्यस्य पितुश्चैव सख्युराप्तस्य चातिथेः ।
इदमस्ति गृहे मह्यमिति नित्यं निवेदयेत् ॥१९॥

19. ācāryasya pituścaiva sakhyurāptasya cātitheḥ ,
idamasti gṛhe mahyamiti nityaṁ nivedayet.

19. ācāryasya pituḥ ca eva sakhyuḥ āptasya ca atitheḥ
idam asti gṛhe mahyam iti nityam nivedayet

19. ācāryasya pituḥ ca eva sakhyuḥ āptasya ca atitheḥ
idam mahyam gṛhe asti iti nityam nivedayet

19. One should always declare to the preceptor (ācārya), father, friend, trusted person, and guest: 'This (food, provisions) is available in my house.'

Words meanings summery:

• आचार्यस्य (ācāryasya) - of the teacher, of the preceptor

• पितुः (pituḥ) - of the father

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, quite

• सख्युः (sakhyuḥ) - of the friend

• आप्तस्य (āptasya) - of the trusted person (of the trusted one, of the reliable person, of the obtained)

• च (ca) - and

• अतिथेः (atitheḥ) - of the guest

• इदम् (idam) - this (food, provisions) (this, this here)

• अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

• गृहे (gṛhe) - in the house, at home

• मह्यम् (mahyam) - to me, mine

• इति (iti) - introducing direct speech (thus, so, in this manner)

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually

• निवेदयेत् (nivedayet) - one should inform/offer (one should inform, one should offer, one should announce)

Words meanings and morphology

आचार्यस्य (ācāryasya) - of the teacher, of the preceptor

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ācārya

ācārya - preceptor, teacher, spiritual guide

From 'ā' + 'car' + 'ṇya'

Prefix: ā

Root: car (class 1)

पितुः (pituḥ) - of the father

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

ṛ-ending noun.

Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Also ablative singular. Here genitive.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, quite

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

Note: Used to emphasize the preceding word.

सख्युः (sakhyuḥ) - of the friend

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sakhi

sakhi - friend, companion

i-ending noun.

Note: Also ablative singular. Here genitive.

आप्तस्य (āptasya) - of the trusted person (of the trusted one, of the reliable person, of the obtained)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of āpta

āpta - obtained, reached, trustworthy, reliable

Past Passive Participle

From root 'āp' (to obtain, reach) + 'kta' suffix.

Root: āp (class 5)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

अतिथेः (atitheḥ) - of the guest

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of atithi

atithi - guest, stranger, one who has no fixed date/time ('a' + 'tithi')

Formed from 'a' (not) + 'tithi' (date).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+tithi)

• a – not, without
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• tithi – lunar day, date
  noun (masculine)

Note: Also ablative singular. Here genitive.

इदम् (idam) - this (food, provisions) (this, this here)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to what is available in the house.

अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present Active

From root 'as' (to be), parasmaipada, 3rd person singular.

Root: as (class 2)

गृहे (gṛhe) - in the house, at home

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of gṛha

gṛha - house, home

Root: gṛh (class 9)

मह्यम् (mahyam) - to me, mine

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

First person pronoun.

Note: Possessive dative, 'belongs to me'.

इति (iti) - introducing direct speech (thus, so, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

Quotation marker.

Root: i (class 2)

नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually

(indeclinable)

From root 'nī' (to lead) + 'tya' suffix.

Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Acts as an adverb.

निवेदयेत् (nivedayet) - one should inform/offer (one should inform, one should offer, one should announce)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of niveday

Optative Active

Causative of 'ni' + 'vid'. From root 'vid' (to know) with prefix 'ni', in causative stem 'niveday', parasmaipada, 3rd person singular, optative mood.

Prefix: ni

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Expresses a command or injunction.