महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-90, verse-1

भीष्म उवाच ।
वनस्पतीन्भक्ष्यफलान्न छिन्द्युर्विषये तव ।
ब्राह्मणानां मूलफलं धर्म्यमाहुर्मनीषिणः ॥१॥

1. bhīṣma uvāca ,
vanaspatīnbhakṣyaphalānna chindyurviṣaye tava ,
brāhmaṇānāṁ mūlaphalaṁ dharmyamāhurmanīṣiṇaḥ.

1. bhīṣma uvāca vanaspatīn bhakṣyaphalān na chindyuh viṣaye
tava brāhmaṇānām mūlaphalām dharmyam āhuh manīṣiṇaḥ

1. bhīṣma uvāca tava viṣaye bhakṣyaphalān vanaspatīn na
chindyuh manīṣiṇaḥ brāhmaṇānām mūlaphalām dharmyam āhuḥ

1. Bhishma said: "One should not cut down trees bearing edible fruits in your dominion. The wise declare that roots and fruits are permissible in accordance with natural law (dharma) for Brahmins."

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma, the speaker of these words (Bhishma (name of a character))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• वनस्पतीन् (vanaspatīn) - fruit-bearing trees (trees)

• भक्ष्यफलान् (bhakṣyaphalān) - trees which bear edible fruits (bearing edible fruits)

• न (na) - not, no

• छिन्द्युह् (chindyuh) - they should not cut (they should cut)

• विषये (viṣaye) - in your dominion (in the domain, in the sphere)

• तव (tava) - your, of you

• ब्राह्मणानाम् (brāhmaṇānām) - of Brahmins

• मूलफलाम् (mūlaphalām) - roots and fruits

• धर्म्यम् (dharmyam) - permissible in accordance with natural law (dharma) (lawful, righteous, in accordance with dharma)

• आहुह् (āhuh) - they say, they declare

• मनीषिणः (manīṣiṇaḥ) - wise men, thinkers

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma, the speaker of these words (Bhishma (name of a character))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma, son of Shantanu, a prominent character in the Mahabharata

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of uvāca

perfect tense

3rd person singular perfect active of √vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

वनस्पतीन् (vanaspatīn) - fruit-bearing trees (trees)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vanaspati

vanaspati - tree, lord of the forest

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vana+pati)

• vana – forest, wood
  noun (neuter)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

भक्ष्यफलान् (bhakṣyaphalān) - trees which bear edible fruits (bearing edible fruits)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bhakṣyaphala

bhakṣyaphala - edible fruit, bearing edible fruits (as an adjective)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhakṣya+phala)

• bhakṣya – edible, eatable, food
  adjective
  Gerundive
  Derived from √bhakṣ (to eat) with -ya suffix
  Root: bhakṣ (class 1)
• phala – fruit, result, consequence
  noun (neuter)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

छिन्द्युह् (chindyuh) - they should not cut (they should cut)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, optative (liṅ) of chid

3rd person plural optative active of √chid (to cut)

Root: chid (class 7)

विषये (viṣaye) - in your dominion (in the domain, in the sphere)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of viṣaya

viṣaya - domain, sphere, region, object of sense, subject matter

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

ब्राह्मणानाम् (brāhmaṇānām) - of Brahmins

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - Brahmin, one belonging to the priestly class, related to Brahman

मूलफलाम् (mūlaphalām) - roots and fruits

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mūlaphala

mūlaphala - roots and fruits

Compound type : dvandva (mūla+phala)

• mūla – root, origin, foundation
  noun (neuter)
• phala – fruit, result, consequence
  noun (neuter)

धर्म्यम् (dharmyam) - permissible in accordance with natural law (dharma) (lawful, righteous, in accordance with dharma)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dharmya

dharmya - lawful, righteous, conforming to (dharma), moral

Derived from dharma

आहुह् (āhuh) - they say, they declare

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of āhuḥ

3rd person plural perfect active of √brū (to say)

Root: brū (class 2)

मनीषिणः (manīṣiṇaḥ) - wise men, thinkers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of manīṣin

manīṣin - wise, intelligent, a sage, a wise man