महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-63, verse-5

जपन्वेदानजपंश्चापि राजन्समः शूद्रैर्दासवच्चापि भोज्यः ।
एते सर्वे शूद्रसमा भवन्ति राजन्नेतान्वर्जयेद्देवकृत्ये ॥५॥

5. japanvedānajapaṁścāpi rāja;nsamaḥ śūdrairdāsavaccāpi bhojyaḥ ,
ete sarve śūdrasamā bhavanti; rājannetānvarjayeddevakṛtye.

5. japan vedān ajapan ca api rājan
samaḥ śūtraiḥ dāsavat ca api
bhojyaḥ ete sarve śūdrasamā bhavanti
rājan etān varjayet devakṛtye

5. rājan! japan vedān api ajapan ca api,
śūtraiḥ samaḥ dāsavat ca api bhojyaḥ,
ete sarve śūdrasamā bhavanti.
rājan! devakṛtye etān varjayet.

5. O King, (a Brahmin) who, whether reciting the Vedas or not reciting them, is considered equal to Shudras, and fit to be fed like a slave – all such individuals become equal to Shudras. O King, one should avoid these (Brahmins) in sacred rites.

Words meanings summery:

• जपन् (japan) - (a Brahmin) reciting (the Vedas) (reciting, muttering)

• वेदान् (vedān) - the Vedas (scriptures) (Vedas, sacred knowledge)

• अजपन् (ajapan) - (a Brahmin) not reciting (the Vedas) (not reciting, not muttering)

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - even if, whether...or (also, even, too)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King (vocative) (O king)

• समः (samaḥ) - equal (to Shudras) (equal, similar)

• शूत्रैः (śūtraiḥ) - with Shudras (by/with Shudras)

• दासवत् (dāsavat) - like a slave

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - even (also, even, too)

• भोज्यः (bhojyaḥ) - fit to be fed (like a slave) (to be fed, eatable)

• एते (ete) - these (individuals) (these (masculine/neuter plural nominative))

• सर्वे (sarve) - all (such individuals) (all, everyone)

• शूद्रसमा (śūdrasamā) - equal to Shudras

• भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they become (they become, they are)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King (vocative) (O king)

• एतान् (etān) - these (individuals) (these (masculine plural accusative))

• वर्जयेत् (varjayet) - one should avoid (one should avoid, he should avoid)

• देवकृत्ये (devakṛtye) - in sacred rites (in divine rites, in rituals for gods)

Words meanings and morphology

जपन् (japan) - (a Brahmin) reciting (the Vedas) (reciting, muttering)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jap

jap - to mutter, to whisper, to recite

Present Active Participle

Derived from root jap (class 1 P) with the present active participle suffix -at. Masculine, nominative singular.

Root: jap (class 1)

Note: Refers to a person (implied Brahmin) who is reciting.

वेदान् (vedān) - the Vedas (scriptures) (Vedas, sacred knowledge)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of veda

veda - Veda, sacred knowledge, scripture

Masculine noun.

अजपन् (ajapan) - (a Brahmin) not reciting (the Vedas) (not reciting, not muttering)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ajap

ajap - not muttering, not reciting

Present Active Participle (negative)

Derived from root jap (class 1 P) with the present active participle suffix -at, negated by 'a-'. Masculine, nominative singular.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+jap)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negation prefix.
• jap – to mutter, to whisper, to recite
  verb (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  Derived from root jap (class 1 P) with the present active participle suffix -at.
  Root: jap (class 1)

Note: Refers to a person (implied Brahmin) who is not reciting.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - even if, whether...or (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with 'ca' to mean "whether...or".

राजन् (rājan) - O King (vocative) (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Masculine noun, vocative singular.

समः (samaḥ) - equal (to Shudras) (equal, similar)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sama

sama - equal, same, similar, even

Masculine noun/adjective, nominative singular.

Note: Modifies the implied subject (Brahmin).

शूत्रैः (śūtraiḥ) - with Shudras (by/with Shudras)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śūdra

śūdra - Shudra, a member of the fourth varna

Masculine noun, instrumental plural.

Note: Used with `samaḥ` (equal to).

दासवत् (dāsavat) - like a slave

(indeclinable)

Adverbial suffix -vat added to dāsa (slave).

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - even (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

भोज्यः (bhojyaḥ) - fit to be fed (like a slave) (to be fed, eatable)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhojya

bhojya - eatable, to be eaten, to be fed

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

Derived from root bhuj (class 7 P) with suffix -ya. Masculine, nominative singular.

Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Describes the person (implied Brahmin) as one who is merely to be fed, not treated with respect.

एते (ete) - these (individuals) (these (masculine/neuter plural nominative))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun, masculine, nominative plural.

Note: Refers to the 'japan' and 'ajapan' individuals.

सर्वे (sarve) - all (such individuals) (all, everyone)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Universal pronoun, masculine, nominative plural.

Note: Agrees with `ete`.

शूद्रसमा (śūdrasamā) - equal to Shudras

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śūdrasama

śūdrasama - equal to a Shudra

Compound adjective, masculine, nominative plural.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śūdra+sama)

• śūdra – Shudra
  noun (masculine)
• sama – equal, similar
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Predicative adjective.

भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they become (they become, they are)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Present Active Indicative

Root bhū (class 1 P), present active indicative, 3rd person plural.

Root: bhū (class 1)

राजन् (rājan) - O King (vocative) (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Masculine noun, vocative singular.

एतान् (etān) - these (individuals) (these (masculine plural accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun, masculine, accusative plural.

Note: Object of `varjayet`.

वर्जयेत् (varjayet) - one should avoid (one should avoid, he should avoid)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of varj

Optative Active

Root vṛj (class 10 P, causative of vṛj) with prefix va- and optative suffix -et, 3rd person singular.

Root: vṛj (class 10)

Note: Impersonal 'one should'.

देवकृत्ये (devakṛtye) - in sacred rites (in divine rites, in rituals for gods)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of devakṛtya

devakṛtya - divine act, religious ceremony, sacred rite

Compound noun, neuter, locative singular.

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (deva+kṛtya)

• deva – god, divine
  noun (masculine)
• kṛtya – act, deed, duty, ritual
  noun (neuter)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)