महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-63, verse-4

शूद्रो राजन्भवति ब्रह्मबन्धुर्दुश्चारित्र्यो यश्च धर्मादपेतः ।
वृषलीपतिः पिशुनो नर्तकश्च ग्रामप्रैष्यो यश्च भवेद्विकर्मा ॥४॥

4. śūdro rājanbhavati brahmabandhu;rduścāritryo yaśca dharmādapetaḥ ,
vṛṣalīpatiḥ piśuno nartakaśca; grāmapraiṣyo yaśca bhavedvikarmā.

4. śūdraḥ rājan bhavati brahma-bandhuḥ
duś-cāritryaḥ yaḥ ca dharmāt apetaḥ
vṛṣalī-patiḥ piśunaḥ nartakaḥ ca
grāma-praīṣyaḥ yaḥ ca bhavet vi-karmā

4. rājan yaḥ brahma-bandhuḥ duś-cāritryaḥ
ca dharmāt apetaḥ saḥ śūdraḥ bhavati
ca yaḥ vṛṣalī-patiḥ piśunaḥ nartakaḥ
ca grāma-praīṣyaḥ ca vi-karmā bhavet

4. O King, he becomes a Śūdra who is merely a nominal Brahmin (brahmabandhu), whose conduct is bad, and who is devoid of his natural law (dharma). And whoever becomes the husband of a Śūdra woman (vṛṣalīpati), a slanderer, a dancer, or a village servant, and whoever performs prohibited actions (vikarma)—he also becomes a Śūdra.

Words meanings summery:

• शूद्रः (śūdraḥ) - a Śūdra (a Śūdra, member of the fourth class)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• भवति (bhavati) - becomes (becomes, is)

• ब्रह्म-बन्धुः (brahma-bandhuḥ) - merely a nominal Brahmin (brahmabandhu) (a nominal Brahmana, a kinsman of Brahmins (by birth only))

• दुश्-चारित्र्यः (duś-cāritryaḥ) - whose conduct is bad (one with bad conduct/character)

• यः (yaḥ) - who (who, which)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• धर्मात् (dharmāt) - from his natural law (dharma) (from (dharma), from duty, from natural law)

• अपेतः (apetaḥ) - devoid of (departed from, devoid of, fallen from)

• वृषली-पतिः (vṛṣalī-patiḥ) - the husband of a Śūdra woman (vṛṣalīpati) (husband of a Śūdra woman)

• पिशुनः (piśunaḥ) - a slanderer (slanderer, malicious, informer)

• नर्तकः (nartakaḥ) - a dancer (dancer, actor)

• च (ca) - or (and, also)

• ग्राम-प्रईष्यः (grāma-praīṣyaḥ) - a village servant (village servant, messenger of a village)

• यः (yaḥ) - whoever (who, which)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• भवेत् (bhavet) - becomes (may be, should be, becomes)

• वि-कर्मा (vi-karmā) - whoever performs prohibited actions (vikarma) (one who performs prohibited actions, one whose actions are contrary to (dharma))

Words meanings and morphology

शूद्रः (śūdraḥ) - a Śūdra (a Śūdra, member of the fourth class)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śūdra

śūdra - a member of the fourth of the four traditional classes (varṇa) in ancient India

Note: Predicate nominative for 'bhavati'.

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

भवति (bhavati) - becomes (becomes, is)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

present active

Present, 3rd person singular, active voice. From root √bhū.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: The subject is 'yaḥ'.

ब्रह्म-बन्धुः (brahma-bandhuḥ) - merely a nominal Brahmin (brahmabandhu) (a nominal Brahmana, a kinsman of Brahmins (by birth only))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brahma-bandhu

brahma-bandhu - a nominal Brahmana (who is a Brahmana only by birth, not by conduct or knowledge), a kinsman of Brahmins

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brahman+bandhu)

• brahman – Brahmin, sacred knowledge
  noun (masculine)
• bandhu – relative, kinsman
  noun (masculine)

Note: Predicate nominative for 'yaḥ'.

दुश्-चारित्र्यः (duś-cāritryaḥ) - whose conduct is bad (one with bad conduct/character)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duś-cāritrya

duś-cāritrya - bad conduct, ill character, immoral behavior

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dus+cāritrya)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill-
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating badness or difficulty.
• cāritrya – conduct, character, behavior
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies 'yaḥ'.

यः (yaḥ) - who (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun, subject of 'bhavati'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

धर्मात् (dharmāt) - from his natural law (dharma) (from (dharma), from duty, from natural law)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, religious merit

Note: Governed by 'apetaḥ'.

अपेतः (apetaḥ) - devoid of (departed from, devoid of, fallen from)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apeta

apeta - departed, gone away, abandoned, devoid of

Past Passive Participle

PPP of √i with prefix apa-.

Prefix: apa

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'yaḥ'.

वृषली-पतिः (vṛṣalī-patiḥ) - the husband of a Śūdra woman (vṛṣalīpati) (husband of a Śūdra woman)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛṣalī-pati

vṛṣalī-pati - husband of a Śūdra woman

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vṛṣalī+pati)

• vṛṣalī – Śūdra woman, unchaste woman
  noun (feminine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

Note: Predicate nominative for 'yaḥ'.

पिशुनः (piśunaḥ) - a slanderer (slanderer, malicious, informer)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of piśuna

piśuna - slanderer, malicious, wicked, informer

Note: Predicate nominative for 'yaḥ'.

नर्तकः (nartakaḥ) - a dancer (dancer, actor)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nartaka

nartaka - dancer, actor

Agent noun from √nṛt.

Root: nṛt (class 4)

Note: Predicate nominative for 'yaḥ'.

च (ca) - or (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here to list alternatives, thus functioning as 'or'.

ग्राम-प्रईष्यः (grāma-praīṣyaḥ) - a village servant (village servant, messenger of a village)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of grāma-praīṣya

grāma-praīṣya - village servant, messenger of a village

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (grāma+praīṣya)

• grāma – village
  noun (masculine)
• praīṣya – to be sent, to be employed, servant
  noun (masculine)
  gerundive
  Gerundive of √iṣ with prefix pra-, used as a noun.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: Predicate nominative for 'yaḥ'.

यः (yaḥ) - whoever (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun, subject of 'bhavet'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

भवेत् (bhavet) - becomes (may be, should be, becomes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū

optative active

Optative mood, 3rd person singular, active voice. From root √bhū.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: The subject is 'yaḥ'.

वि-कर्मा (vi-karmā) - whoever performs prohibited actions (vikarma) (one who performs prohibited actions, one whose actions are contrary to (dharma))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vi-karma

vi-karma - prohibited action, irregular action, one who acts improperly

Compound type : prādi-tatpuruṣa (vi+karma)

• vi – apart, against, wrong, bad
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating opposition or impropriety.
• karma – action, duty, work
  noun (neuter)

Note: Predicate nominative for 'yaḥ'.