महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-63, verse-24

बह्वायत्तं क्षत्रियैर्मानवानां लोकश्रेष्ठं धर्ममासेवमानैः ।
सर्वे धर्माः सोपधर्मास्त्रयाणां राज्ञो धर्मादिति वेदाच्छृणोमि ॥२४॥

24. bahvāyattaṁ kṣatriyairmānavānāṁ; lokaśreṣṭhaṁ dharmamāsevamānaiḥ ,
sarve dharmāḥ sopadharmāstrayāṇāṁ; rājño dharmāditi vedācchṛṇomi.

24. bahvāyattam kṣatriyaiḥ mānavānām
lokaśreṣṭham dharmam āsevamānaiḥ
sarve dharmāḥ sopadharmāḥ trayāṇām
rājñaḥ dharmāt iti vedāt śṛṇomi

24. aham vedāt iti śṛṇomi yat mānavānām
lokaśreṣṭham dharmam kṣatriyaiḥ
āsevamānaiḥ bahvāyattam rājñaḥ dharmāt
trayāṇām sarve dharmāḥ sopadharmāḥ

24. I hear from the Veda that all natural laws (dharmas), including their subsidiary duties (upadharmas), for the three (social classes), are derived from the king's natural law (dharma). This king's natural law (dharma) is the supreme natural law for humankind, is upheld by Kṣatriyas, and is dependent on many factors.

Words meanings summery:

• बह्वायत्तम् (bahvāyattam) - dependent on many factors (dependent on many, much dependent, governed by many)

• क्षत्रियैः (kṣatriyaiḥ) - by Kṣatriyas (by Kṣatriyas, by warriors)

• मानवानाम् (mānavānām) - for humankind (of humans, of mankind)

• लोकश्रेष्ठम् (lokaśreṣṭham) - the supreme (dharma) in the world (best in the world, supreme)

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (dharma) (natural law (dharma), duty, righteousness)

• आसेवमानैः (āsevamānaiḥ) - by those (Kṣatriyas) who uphold (by those serving, by those practicing)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all (all, every)

• धर्माः (dharmāḥ) - natural laws (dharmas) (duties, natural laws)

• सोपधर्माः (sopadharmāḥ) - along with their subsidiary duties (with sub-duties, with subsidiary duties, including minor duties)

• त्रयाणाम् (trayāṇām) - for the three (classes of society) (of the three)

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king

• धर्मात् (dharmāt) - from the king's natural law (dharma) (from duty, from natural law)

• इति (iti) - thus (thus, so)

• वेदात् (vedāt) - from the Veda

• शृणोमि (śṛṇomi) - I hear

Words meanings and morphology

बह्वायत्तम् (bahvāyattam) - dependent on many factors (dependent on many, much dependent, governed by many)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bahvāyatta

bahvāyatta - dependent on many, much dependent

Compound of bahu (many) + āyatta (dependent).

Compound type : tatpurusha (bahu+āyatta)

• bahu – many, much
  adjective
• āyatta – dependent, subject to, resting on
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle (substantivized)
  From ā + √yat.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: √yat (class 1)

Note: This word describes the king's dharma.

क्षत्रियैः (kṣatriyaiḥ) - by Kṣatriyas (by Kṣatriyas, by warriors)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kṣatriya

kṣatriya - member of the warrior/ruling class (kṣatriya)

मानवानाम् (mānavānām) - for humankind (of humans, of mankind)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of mānava

mānava - human, pertaining to Manu, descendant of Manu

Derived from manu.

Note: Often implies 'for the benefit of humans'.

लोकश्रेष्ठम् (lokaśreṣṭham) - the supreme (dharma) in the world (best in the world, supreme)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of lokaśreṣṭha

lokaśreṣṭha - best in the world, chief of men

Compound of loka (world) + śreṣṭha (best).

Compound type : tatpurusha (loka+śreṣṭha)

• loka – world, people, universe
  noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent, supreme
  adjective
  Superlative of praśasya (praise-worthy).

धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (dharma) (natural law (dharma), duty, righteousness)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - intrinsic nature, natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, cosmic order (dharma)

From root √dhṛ (to uphold, support).

Root: √dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of āsevamānaiḥ.

आसेवमानैः (āsevamānaiḥ) - by those (Kṣatriyas) who uphold (by those serving, by those practicing)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of āsevamāna

āsevamāna - serving, practicing, revering, upholding

Present Middle Participle

From root √sev (to serve) with prefix ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: √sev (class 1)

सर्वे (sarve) - all (all, every)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

धर्माः (dharmāḥ) - natural laws (dharmas) (duties, natural laws)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dharma

dharma - intrinsic nature, natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, cosmic order (dharma)

From root √dhṛ (to uphold, support).

Root: √dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of the clause.

सोपधर्माः (sopadharmāḥ) - along with their subsidiary duties (with sub-duties, with subsidiary duties, including minor duties)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sopadharma

sopadharma - along with sub-duties, having minor or subsidiary duties

Compound of sa (with) + upadharma (sub-duty).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+upadharma)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• upadharma – minor duty, subsidiary dharma, secondary natural law
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: upa
  Root: √dhṛ (class 1)

त्रयाणाम् (trayāṇām) - for the three (classes of society) (of the three)

(numeral)

Note: Refers to the three varṇas (Brāhmaṇa, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya) or āśramas.

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

धर्मात् (dharmāt) - from the king's natural law (dharma) (from duty, from natural law)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - intrinsic nature, natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, cosmic order (dharma)

From root √dhṛ (to uphold, support).

Root: √dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Indicates source or origin.

इति (iti) - thus (thus, so)

(indeclinable)

वेदात् (vedāt) - from the Veda

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of veda

veda - Veda, sacred knowledge, scripture

From root √vid (to know).

Root: √vid (class 2)

शृणोमि (śṛṇomi) - I hear

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of √śru

Present tense, Parasmaipada, 1st person singular

Present tense, śnu class (5th conjugation).

Root: √śru (class 5)

Note: The speaker's statement of source.