महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-63, verse-23

न चैतन्नैष्ठिकं कर्म त्रयाणां भरतर्षभ ।
चतुर्णां राजशार्दूल प्राहुराश्रमवासिनाम् ॥२३॥

23. na caitannaiṣṭhikaṁ karma trayāṇāṁ bharatarṣabha ,
caturṇāṁ rājaśārdūla prāhurāśramavāsinām.

23. na ca etat naiṣṭhikam karma trayāṇām bharatarṣabha
caturṇām rājaśārdūla prāhuḥ āśramavāsinām

23. bharatarṣabha rājaśārdūla ca etat naiṣṭhikam
karma trayāṇām caturṇām āśramavāsinām na prāhuḥ

23. O best of Bharatas, O tiger among kings, they declare that this (practice described in the previous verse) is not a permanent (naiṣṭhika) duty (karma) for the inhabitants of the three or (even) four stages of life (āśramas).

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एतत् (etat) - this (referring to the practice of begging) (this, this one)

• नैष्ठिकम् (naiṣṭhikam) - permanent, lifelong (duty) (final, conclusive, permanent, lifelong)

• कर्म (karma) - duty (karma) (action, deed, duty, fate)

• त्रयाणाम् (trayāṇām) - of the three (stages of life) (of the three)

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of Bharatas (O best of Bharatas, O bull of Bharatas)

• चतुर्णाम् (caturṇām) - of the four (stages of life) (of the four)

• राजशार्दूल (rājaśārdūla) - O tiger among kings (O tiger among kings, O chief of kings)

• प्राहुः (prāhuḥ) - they declare (they say, they declare)

• आश्रमवासिनाम् (āśramavāsinām) - of the inhabitants of the stages of life (āśramas) (of those dwelling in āśramas (stages of life))

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - this (referring to the practice of begging) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Refers to karma.

नैष्ठिकम् (naiṣṭhikam) - permanent, lifelong (duty) (final, conclusive, permanent, lifelong)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of naiṣṭhika

naiṣṭhika - final, permanent, conclusive, relating to a fixed purpose, lifelong (esp. celibacy)

Derived from niṣṭhā (end, conclusion) with ika suffix.

कर्म (karma) - duty (karma) (action, deed, duty, fate)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, work, duty, religious rite, consequence of actions (karma)

From root √kṛ.

Root: √kṛ (class 8)

त्रयाणाम् (trayāṇām) - of the three (stages of life) (of the three)

(numeral)

Note: Refers to āśramavāsinām.

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of Bharatas (O best of Bharatas, O bull of Bharatas)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - bull of Bharatas, best of Bharatas

Compound type : tatpurusha (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – name of a king, descendant of Bharata (often referring to Arjuna or Dhṛtarāṣṭra)
  proper noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, chief
  noun (masculine)

चतुर्णाम् (caturṇām) - of the four (stages of life) (of the four)

(numeral)

Note: Refers to āśramavāsinām.

राजशार्दूल (rājaśārdūla) - O tiger among kings (O tiger among kings, O chief of kings)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājaśārdūla

rājaśārdūla - tiger among kings, best of kings

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+śārdūla)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• śārdūla – tiger, best, pre-eminent
  noun (masculine)

प्राहुः (prāhuḥ) - they declare (they say, they declare)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of √brū

Perfect tense, Parasmaipada, 3rd person plural

Root √brū, perfect tense (reduplicated).

Prefix: pra

Root: √brū (class 2)

आश्रमवासिनाम् (āśramavāsinām) - of the inhabitants of the stages of life (āśramas) (of those dwelling in āśramas (stages of life))

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of āśramavāsin

āśramavāsin - dwelling in an āśrama, an inhabitant of an āśrama

From āśrama + vāsin (dweller).

Compound type : tatpurusha (āśrama+vāsin)

• āśrama – hermitage, stage of life (āśrama)
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: √śram (class 4)
• vāsin – dweller, inhabitant
  noun (masculine)
  From root √vas (to dwell).
  Root: √vas (class 1)

Note: Refers to the people in the āśramas.