महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-310, verse-2

कस्यां चोत्पादयामास शुकं व्यासस्तपोधनः ।
न ह्यस्य जननीं विद्म जन्म चाग्र्यं महात्मनः ॥२॥

2. kasyāṁ cotpādayāmāsa śukaṁ vyāsastapodhanaḥ ,
na hyasya jananīṁ vidma janma cāgryaṁ mahātmanaḥ.

2. kasyām ca utpādayām āsa śukam vyāsaḥ tapodhanaḥ na
hi asya jananīm vidma janma ca agryam mahātmanaḥ

2. ca tapodhanaḥ vyāsaḥ kasyām śukam utpādayām āsa? hi vayam asya mahātmanaḥ jananīm ca agryam janma na vidma.

2. And in whom did Vyāsa, rich in austerity (tapas), beget Śuka? For we do not know the mother of this great-souled one, nor his foremost birth.

Words meanings summery:

• कस्याम् (kasyām) - in whom?, in which (female)?

• च (ca) - and, also

• उत्पादयाम् (utpādayām) - caused to be born, begot (part of periphrastic perfect)

• आस (āsa) - was, existed (auxiliary verb)

• शुकम् (śukam) - Śuka (accusative)

• व्यासः (vyāsaḥ) - Vyāsa (proper name)

• तपोधनः (tapodhanaḥ) - rich in austerity (tapas), ascetic

• न (na) - not

• हि (hi) - for, indeed, because

• अस्य (asya) - Refers to Śuka. (of him, of this (person))

• जननीम् (jananīm) - mother

• विद्म (vidma) - we know

• जन्म (janma) - birth, origin

• च (ca) - and, also

• अग्र्यम् (agryam) - foremost, excellent, chief

• महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - Refers to Śuka, who is being described as great-souled. (of the great-souled one)

Words meanings and morphology

कस्याम् (kasyām) - in whom?, in which (female)?

(pronoun)

Locative, feminine, singular of kim

kim - who, which, what (interrogative pronoun)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

उत्पादयाम् (utpādayām) - caused to be born, begot (part of periphrastic perfect)

(verb)

Causative stem, used in Periphrastic Perfect

Causative stem ut-pād-i, which forms the first part of the periphrastic perfect with āsa.

Prefix: ut

Root: pad (class 4)

आस (āsa) - was, existed (auxiliary verb)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of as

Periphrastic Perfect auxiliary

Perfect form of the root as (to be), used as an auxiliary for the periphrastic perfect.

Root: as (class 2)

शुकम् (śukam) - Śuka (accusative)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śuka

śuka - a parrot; name of a sage, son of Vyāsa

व्यासः (vyāsaḥ) - Vyāsa (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyāsa

vyāsa - Vyāsa (a revered sage, compiler of Vedas and author of Mahābhārata)

तपोधनः (tapodhanaḥ) - rich in austerity (tapas), ascetic

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tapodhana

tapodhana - rich in austerity (tapas), whose wealth is austerity

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tapas+dhana)

• tapas – asceticism, austerity, spiritual fervor, heat
  noun (neuter)
• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - for, indeed, because

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - Refers to Śuka. (of him, of this (person))

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this here, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

जननीम् (jananīm) - mother

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of jananī

jananī - mother, producer, generatrix

Derived from the root jan (to be born, produce).

Root: jan (class 4)

विद्म (vidma) - we know

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of vid

Root: vid (class 2)

जन्म (janma) - birth, origin

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of janman

janman - birth, origin, existence, life

Root: jan (class 4)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अग्र्यम् (agryam) - foremost, excellent, chief

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of agrya

agrya - foremost, principal, excellent, chief

Note: Qualifies 'janma'.

महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - Refers to Śuka, who is being described as great-souled. (of the great-souled one)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous, great self (ātman)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (prefix)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)