महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-310, verse-13

योगेनात्मानमाविश्य योगधर्मपरायणः ।
धारयन्स तपस्तेपे पुत्रार्थं कुरुसत्तम ॥१३॥

13. yogenātmānamāviśya yogadharmaparāyaṇaḥ ,
dhārayansa tapastepe putrārthaṁ kurusattama.

13. yogena ātmānam āviśya yogadharmaparāyaṇaḥ
dhārayan saḥ tapaḥ tepe putrārtham kurusattama

13. kuru sattama saḥ yogena ātmānam āviśya
yogadharmaparāyaṇaḥ dhārayan putrārtham tapaḥ tepe

13. O best among the Kurus (kurusattama), he, dedicated to the intrinsic nature of yoga (yogadharma), performed asceticism (tapas) for a son, having entered into his own self (ātman) through yoga and maintaining strict self-control.

Words meanings summery:

• योगेन (yogena) - by yoga, through yoga, by means of yoga

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - his own inner self (the self, the soul, one's own self)

• आविश्य (āviśya) - having entered into (his own self) (having entered, entering into)

• योगधर्मपरायणः (yogadharmaparāyaṇaḥ) - devoted to the practice/intrinsic nature of yoga

• धारयन् (dhārayan) - maintaining strict self-control, upholding (vows/body) (holding, maintaining, sustaining, observing)

• सः (saḥ) - he (Kṛṣṇadvaipāyana) (he, that)

• तपः (tapaḥ) - asceticism, penance, austerity

• तेपे (tepe) - performed (asceticism) (performed (asceticism), heated oneself)

• पुत्रार्थम् (putrārtham) - for the sake of a son, for a son

• कुरुसत्तम (kurusattama) - A vocative addressing a member of the Kuru dynasty, likely Dhṛtarāṣṭra or Arjuna (since Vyasa is speaking). (O best of Kurus, O best among the Kurus)

Words meanings and morphology

योगेन (yogena) - by yoga, through yoga, by means of yoga

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yoga

yoga - union, connection, spiritual discipline, effort, application, contemplation

From √yuj (to join, unite).

Root: yuj (class 7)

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - his own inner self (the self, the soul, one's own self)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, life-principle

Root: an (class 2)

आविश्य (āviśya) - having entered into (his own self) (having entered, entering into)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From √viś (class 6) with prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: viś (class 6)

योगधर्मपरायणः (yogadharmaparāyaṇaḥ) - devoted to the practice/intrinsic nature of yoga

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yogadharmaparāyaṇa

yogadharmaparāyaṇa - dedicated/devoted to the rule/nature of yoga

Compound of yoga (yoga), dharma (intrinsic nature/law), and parāyaṇa (devoted, intent on).

Compound type : tatpurusha (yoga+dharma+parāyaṇa)

• yoga – union, spiritual discipline
  noun (masculine)
  Root: yuj (class 7)
• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  From √dhṛ (to hold, support)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• parāyaṇa – devoted to, intent on, dependent on
  adjective
  From parā + ayana (going)
  Prefix: parā
  Root: i (class 2)

धारयन् (dhārayan) - maintaining strict self-control, upholding (vows/body) (holding, maintaining, sustaining, observing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of √dhṛ

√dhṛ - to hold, bear, support, maintain, perform

Present Active Participle

Causative stem of √dhṛ (class 1), then present participle.

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - he (Kṛṣṇadvaipāyana) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he/she/it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Implied in the original verse, made explicit by sandhi separation.

तपः (tapaḥ) - asceticism, penance, austerity

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - asceticism, penance, austerity, heat

From √tap (to heat, suffer penance).

Root: tap (class 1)

तेपे (tepe) - performed (asceticism) (performed (asceticism), heated oneself)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (lit) of √tap

perfect middle 3rd singular

From √tap (class 1 or 4). Middle voice (ātmanepada) in perfect.

Root: tap (class 1)

पुत्रार्थम् (putrārtham) - for the sake of a son, for a son

(indeclinable)

Compound of putra (son) and artha (purpose, sake).

Compound type : tatpurusha (putra+artha)

• putra – son
  noun (masculine)
• artha – purpose, meaning, sake, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Functions as an adverbial accusative.

कुरुसत्तम (kurusattama) - A vocative addressing a member of the Kuru dynasty, likely Dhṛtarāṣṭra or Arjuna (since Vyasa is speaking). (O best of Kurus, O best among the Kurus)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kurusattama

kurusattama - best of the Kurus (royal dynasty)

Compound of Kuru (the dynasty) and sattama (best, superlative of sat 'good').

Compound type : tatpurusha (kuru+sattama)

• kuru – name of a royal dynasty, descendant of Kuru
  proper noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, most excellent
  adjective
  Superlative of sat (good, existing)