महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-310, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
कथं व्यासस्य धर्मात्मा शुको जज्ञे महातपाः ।
सिद्धिं च परमां प्राप्तस्तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
kathaṁ vyāsasya dharmātmā śuko jajñe mahātapāḥ ,
siddhiṁ ca paramāṁ prāptastanme brūhi pitāmaha.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca katham vyāsasya dharmātmā śukaḥ jajñe
mahātapāḥ siddhim ca paramām prāptaḥ tat me brūhi pitāmaha

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca pitāmaha,
katham vyāsasya dharmātmā mahātapāḥ śukaḥ jajñe? ca paramām siddhim prāptaḥ (idam) tat me brūhi.

1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: "O Grandsire, how was Śuka, who was devoted to natural law (dharma) and a great ascetic, born as the son of Vyāsa? And how did he attain supreme spiritual perfection? Tell me that."

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• कथम् (katham) - how?, in what manner?

• व्यासस्य (vyāsasya) - of Vyāsa

• धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - whose self is natural law, righteous, devoted to natural law

• शुकः (śukaḥ) - Śuka (proper name)

• जज्ञे (jajñe) - was born, arose

• महातपाः (mahātapāḥ) - great ascetic, endowed with great austerity

• सिद्धिम् (siddhim) - perfection, accomplishment, spiritual power

• च (ca) - and, also

• परमाम् (paramām) - supreme, highest

• प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - attained, reached

• तत् (tat) - that (referring to the previous questions)

• मे (me) - to me, for me

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell, speak

• पितामह (pitāmaha) - Addressing Bhīṣma, Yudhiṣṭhira's paternal grandfather. (O Grandsire)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (firm in battle, one of the Pāṇḍavas)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

कथम् (katham) - how?, in what manner?

(indeclinable)

व्यासस्य (vyāsasya) - of Vyāsa

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vyāsa

vyāsa - Vyāsa (a revered sage, compiler of Vedas and author of Mahābhārata)

धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - whose self is natural law, righteous, devoted to natural law

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - righteous, virtuous, pious, whose nature (ātman) is natural law (dharma)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence, nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

शुकः (śukaḥ) - Śuka (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śuka

śuka - a parrot; name of a sage, son of Vyāsa

जज्ञे (jajñe) - was born, arose

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (liṭ) of jan

Root: jan (class 4)

महातपाः (mahātapāḥ) - great ascetic, endowed with great austerity

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātapas

mahātapas - great ascetic, great austerity, having great tapas

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+tapas)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (prefix)
• tapas – asceticism, austerity, heat, spiritual fervor
  noun (neuter)

सिद्धिम् (siddhim) - perfection, accomplishment, spiritual power

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of siddhi

siddhi - perfection, accomplishment, success, spiritual power, supernatural faculty

Root: sidh (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

परमाम् (paramām) - supreme, highest

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of parama

parama - supreme, highest, ultimate, best

Note: Qualifies 'siddhim'.

प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - attained, reached

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāpta

prāpta - attained, reached, obtained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from prefix pra + root āp (to obtain, reach).

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

तत् (tat) - that (referring to the previous questions)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it (demonstrative/anaphoric pronoun)

मे (me) - to me, for me

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Enclitic form of the first person pronoun.

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell, speak

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

पितामह (pitāmaha) - Addressing Bhīṣma, Yudhiṣṭhira's paternal grandfather. (O Grandsire)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - paternal grandfather, grandsire