महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-219, verse-4

नमुचिरुवाच ।
अनवाप्यं च शोकेन शरीरं चोपतप्यते ।
अमित्राश्च प्रहृष्यन्ति नास्ति शोके सहायता ॥४॥

4. namuciruvāca ,
anavāpyaṁ ca śokena śarīraṁ copatapyate ,
amitrāśca prahṛṣyanti nāsti śoke sahāyatā.

4. namuciḥ uvāca anavāpyam ca śokena śarīram ca upatapyate
amitrāḥ ca prahṛṣyanti na asti śoke sahāyatā

4. namuciḥ uvāca śokena ca anavāpyam [bhavati],
ca śarīram upatapyate.
amitrāḥ ca prahṛṣyanti.
śoke sahāyatā na asti.

4. Namuci said: "When something is unobtainable, it causes sorrow, and the body is tormented. Also, enemies rejoice (prahṛṣyanti). There is no assistance (sahāyatā) to be found in sorrow."

Words meanings summery:

• नमुचिः (namuciḥ) - Namuci (a demon king)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अनवाप्यम् (anavāpyam) - unobtainable, impossible to obtain

• च (ca) - and, also

• शोकेन (śokena) - by sorrow, by grief

• शरीरम् (śarīram) - body, physical form

• च (ca) - and, also

• उपतप्यते (upatapyate) - is tormented, is afflicted, is heated

• अमित्राः (amitrāḥ) - enemies, foes

• च (ca) - and, also

• प्रहृष्यन्ति (prahṛṣyanti) - rejoice, are delighted

• न (na) - not, no

• अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

• शोके (śoke) - in sorrow, in grief

• सहायता (sahāyatā) - help, assistance, support

Words meanings and morphology

नमुचिः (namuciḥ) - Namuci (a demon king)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of namuci

namuci - Namuci (name of a demon king)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of uvāca

perfect active

third person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

अनवाप्यम् (anavāpyam) - unobtainable, impossible to obtain

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anavāpya

anavāpya - unobtainable, not to be reached

Gerundive (Potential Participle)

Derived from root āp with prefixes an- (negation) and ava-

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+avāpya)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• avāpya – to be obtained, obtainable
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive (Potential Participle)
  Derived from root āp with prefix ava-
  Prefix: ava
  Root: āp (class 5)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

शोकेन (śokena) - by sorrow, by grief

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śoka

śoka - sorrow, grief, lamentation

Derived from root śuc (to grieve)

Root: śuc (class 1)

शरीरम् (śarīram) - body, physical form

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śarīra

śarīra - body, corporeal frame

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

उपतप्यते (upatapyate) - is tormented, is afflicted, is heated

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle/passive, present (lat) of upatapyate

present middle/passive

third person singular, derived from root tap with prefix upa-

Prefix: upa

Root: tap (class 1)

अमित्राः (amitrāḥ) - enemies, foes

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of amitra

amitra - enemy, foe, not a friend

compound of 'a' (negation) and 'mitra' (friend)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+mitra)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• mitra – friend, companion
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

प्रहृष्यन्ति (prahṛṣyanti) - rejoice, are delighted

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of prahṛṣyanti

present active

third person plural, derived from root hṛṣ with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of as

present active

third person singular

Root: as (class 2)

शोके (śoke) - in sorrow, in grief

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of śoka

śoka - sorrow, grief, lamentation

Derived from root śuc (to grieve)

Root: śuc (class 1)

सहायता (sahāyatā) - help, assistance, support

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sahāyatā

sahāyatā - help, assistance, support, companionship

Derived from sahāya (helper, companion) + tā (suffix for abstract noun)