महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-219, verse-16

यमर्थसिद्धिः परमा न हर्षयेत्तथैव काले व्यसनं न मोहयेत् ।
सुखं च दुःखं च तथैव मध्यमं निषेवते यः स धुरंधरो नरः ॥१६॥

16. yamarthasiddhiḥ paramā na harṣaye;ttathaiva kāle vyasanaṁ na mohayet ,
sukhaṁ ca duḥkhaṁ ca tathaiva madhyamaṁ; niṣevate yaḥ sa dhuraṁdharo naraḥ.

16. yam arthasiddhiḥ paramā na harṣayet
tathā eva kāle vyasanam na mohayet
sukham ca duḥkham ca tathā eva madhyamam
niṣevate yaḥ saḥ dhuraṃdharaḥ naraḥ

16. yam paramā arthasiddhiḥ na harṣayet,
tathā eva kāle vyasanam na mohayet,
ca yaḥ sukham ca duḥkham ca tathā eva madhyamam niṣevate,
saḥ naraḥ dhuraṃdharaḥ

16. The person whom the highest achievement (arthasiddhi) does not elate, and similarly, whom adversity (vyasana) in time does not bewilder, and who experiences both happiness and sorrow with equanimity – that person is indeed a true leader (dhuraṃdhara).

Words meanings summery:

• यम् (yam) - whom (whom, which)

• अर्थसिद्धिः (arthasiddhiḥ) - supreme achievement (arthasiddhi) (success in purpose, achievement of aim, prosperity)

• परमा (paramā) - highest, supreme (highest, supreme, best, ultimate)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• हर्षयेत् (harṣayet) - should elate, cause to rejoice (may cause to rejoice, should elate, make happy)

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, likewise (similarly, in that way, thus)

• एव (eva) - indeed, just (only, indeed, just, certainly)

• काले (kāle) - in due course, in time (of adversity) (in time, at the proper time, during a period)

• व्यसनम् (vyasanam) - adversity (vyasana), misfortune (calamity, misfortune, adversity, addiction, vice)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• मोहयेत् (mohayet) - should bewilder, cause confusion (may delude, may confuse, should bewilder)

• सुखम् (sukham) - happiness (happiness, joy, pleasure)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow (sorrow, suffering, pain, misery)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, likewise (similarly, in that way, thus)

• एव (eva) - indeed, just (only, indeed, just, certainly)

• मध्यमम् (madhyamam) - with equanimity, moderately (middle, neutral, moderate, indifferent)

• निषेवते (niṣevate) - experiences, practices (serves, attends, enjoys, experiences, practices)

• यः (yaḥ) - who (who, which)

• सः (saḥ) - that (person) (he, that)

• धुरंधरः (dhuraṁdharaḥ) - a true leader (dhuraṃdhara) (bearing burdens, leader, chief, responsible person)

• नरः (naraḥ) - person (man, person)

Words meanings and morphology

यम् (yam) - whom (whom, which)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

Note: Relative pronoun

अर्थसिद्धिः (arthasiddhiḥ) - supreme achievement (arthasiddhi) (success in purpose, achievement of aim, prosperity)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of arthasiddhi

arthasiddhi - accomplishment of an object, success, prosperity, fulfillment of purpose

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (artha+siddhi)

• artha – aim, purpose, meaning, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)
• siddhi – accomplishment, success, attainment, perfection
  noun (feminine)
  Root: sidh (class 4)

परमा (paramā) - highest, supreme (highest, supreme, best, ultimate)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of parama

parama - highest, most excellent, supreme, chief, ultimate

Note: Agrees with arthasiddhiḥ

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle

हर्षयेत् (harṣayet) - should elate, cause to rejoice (may cause to rejoice, should elate, make happy)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of hṛṣ

causative optative

Causative of root hṛṣ (to be excited, to rejoice)

Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Causative verb, 'should cause to rejoice' or 'should elate'

तथा (tathā) - similarly, likewise (similarly, in that way, thus)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, just (only, indeed, just, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle

काले (kāle) - in due course, in time (of adversity) (in time, at the proper time, during a period)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season, destiny

व्यसनम् (vyasanam) - adversity (vyasana), misfortune (calamity, misfortune, adversity, addiction, vice)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vyasana

vyasana - calamity, misfortune, adversity, vice, addiction

Prefix: vi

Root: as (class 4)

Note: Subject of mohayet

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle

मोहयेत् (mohayet) - should bewilder, cause confusion (may delude, may confuse, should bewilder)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of muh

causative optative

Causative of root muh (to be bewildered)

Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Causative verb, 'should cause to be bewildered' or 'should delude'

सुखम् (sukham) - happiness (happiness, joy, pleasure)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, comfort, ease, pleasure

Note: Object of niṣevate

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow (sorrow, suffering, pain, misery)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - pain, sorrow, suffering, misery

Note: Object of niṣevate

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction

तथा (tathā) - similarly, likewise (similarly, in that way, thus)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, just (only, indeed, just, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle

मध्यमम् (madhyamam) - with equanimity, moderately (middle, neutral, moderate, indifferent)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of madhyama

madhyama - middle, intermediate, moderate, impartial

Note: Adverbial accusative, 'in a middle way' or 'with equanimity'

निषेवते (niṣevate) - experiences, practices (serves, attends, enjoys, experiences, practices)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of sev

Prefix: ni

Root: sev (class 1)

Note: ni + sev

यः (yaḥ) - who (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

Note: Relative pronoun, subject of niṣevate

सः (saḥ) - that (person) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Correlative pronoun to yaḥ

धुरंधरः (dhuraṁdharaḥ) - a true leader (dhuraṃdhara) (bearing burdens, leader, chief, responsible person)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhuraṃdhara

dhuraṁdhara - bearing a burden, leader, chief, responsible

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (dhur+dhara)

• dhur – burden, yoke, responsibility
  noun (feminine)
• dhara – holding, bearing, carrying
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root dhṛ (to hold)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative for saḥ naraḥ

नरः (naraḥ) - person (man, person)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, person, human being

Note: Subject (explicitly stated)