महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-219, verse-18

तत्सदः स परिषत्सभासदः प्राप्य यो न कुरुते सभाभयम् ।
धर्मतत्त्वमवगाह्य बुद्धिमान्योऽभ्युपैति स पुमान्धुरंधरः ॥१८॥

18. tatsadaḥ sa pariṣatsabhāsadaḥ; prāpya yo na kurute sabhābhayam ,
dharmatattvamavagāhya buddhimā;nyo'bhyupaiti sa pumāndhuraṁdharaḥ.

18. tat sadaḥ saḥ pariṣat sabhāsadaḥ
prāpya yaḥ na kurute sabhābhayam
dharmatattvam avagāhya buddhimān yaḥ
abhyupaiti saḥ pumān dhuraṃdharaḥ

18. yaḥ buddhimān tat sadaḥ ca pariṣat-sabhāsadaḥ prāpya sabhābhayam na kurute,
ca yaḥ dharmatattvam avagāhya abhyupaiti,
saḥ pumān dhuraṃdharaḥ

18. That wise person who, upon reaching an assembly (sadas) and the members of a council (pariṣat sabhāsadaḥ), does not experience fear of the gathering (sabhābhayam), and who, having deeply understood the essence of natural law (dharma), undertakes a task – that man (pumān) is a true leader (dhuraṃdhara).

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - that (assembly) (that, it)

• सदः (sadaḥ) - assembly (assembly, session, seat)

• सः (saḥ) - that (person, or as a connective 'and') (he, that)

• परिषत् (pariṣat) - council (council, assembly, audience)

• सभासदः (sabhāsadaḥ) - members of the council (members of an assembly, councilors)

• प्राप्य (prāpya) - upon reaching, having reached (having reached, having obtained, having arrived at)

• यः (yaḥ) - whoever (who, which)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• कुरुते (kurute) - experiences, performs (fear) (does, makes, performs)

• सभाभयम् (sabhābhayam) - fear of the gathering (sabhābhayam) (fear of an assembly, stage fright)

• धर्मतत्त्वम् (dharmatattvam) - the essence of natural law (dharma) (the essence of dharma, the truth of dharma)

• अवगाह्य (avagāhya) - having deeply understood (having entered, having plunged into, having understood deeply)

• बुद्धिमान् (buddhimān) - wise (intelligent, wise, discerning)

• यः (yaḥ) - whoever (who, which)

• अभ्युपैति (abhyupaiti) - undertakes (a task/challenge), approaches (approaches, undertakes, assents to)

• सः (saḥ) - that (man) (he, that)

• पुमान् (pumān) - man (man, male, human being)

• धुरंधरः (dhuraṁdharaḥ) - a true leader (dhuraṃdhara) (bearing burdens, leader, chief, responsible person)

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - that (assembly) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Modifies sadaḥ

सदः (sadaḥ) - assembly (assembly, session, seat)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sadas

sadas - seat, assembly, session, hall

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Object of prāpya

सः (saḥ) - that (person, or as a connective 'and') (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

परिषत् (pariṣat) - council (council, assembly, audience)

(noun)

feminine, singular of pariṣat

pariṣat - council, assembly, audience

Prefix: pari

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Stem form for compounding

सभासदः (sabhāsadaḥ) - members of the council (members of an assembly, councilors)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sabhāsad

sabhāsad - member of an assembly, one who sits in an assembly

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (sabhā+sad)

• sabhā – assembly, council, court
  noun (feminine)
• sad – sitting, residing, member
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root sad (to sit)
  Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Object of prāpya, part of compound pariṣat-sabhāsadaḥ

प्राप्य (prāpya) - upon reaching, having reached (having reached, having obtained, having arrived at)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from pra-ĀP (to obtain, to reach)

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Absolutive participle

यः (yaḥ) - whoever (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

Note: Relative pronoun, subject of kurute

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle

कुरुते (kurute) - experiences, performs (fear) (does, makes, performs)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: With bhayam, means 'to feel fear'

सभाभयम् (sabhābhayam) - fear of the gathering (sabhābhayam) (fear of an assembly, stage fright)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sabhābhaya

sabhābhaya - fear of an assembly, stage fright

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sabhā+bhaya)

• sabhā – assembly, council, court
  noun (feminine)
• bhaya – fear, dread, danger
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Object of kurute

धर्मतत्त्वम् (dharmatattvam) - the essence of natural law (dharma) (the essence of dharma, the truth of dharma)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dharmatattva

dharmatattva - the essence of dharma, the truth of dharma, the true nature of natural law

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+tattva)

• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty, constitution, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
• tattva – truth, reality, essence, principle
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of avagāhya

अवगाह्य (avagāhya) - having deeply understood (having entered, having plunged into, having understood deeply)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from ava-GĀH (to plunge, to enter, to fathom)

Prefix: ava

Root: gāh (class 1)

Note: Absolutive participle

बुद्धिमान् (buddhimān) - wise (intelligent, wise, discerning)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of buddhimat

buddhimat - intelligent, wise, endowed with understanding

Derived from buddhi + matUP suffix

Note: Modifies yaḥ

यः (yaḥ) - whoever (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

Note: Relative pronoun, subject of abhyupaiti

अभ्युपैति (abhyupaiti) - undertakes (a task/challenge), approaches (approaches, undertakes, assents to)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of i

Prefixes: abhi+upa

Root: i (class 2)

Note: abhi + upa + i

सः (saḥ) - that (man) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Correlative pronoun to yaḥ

पुमान् (pumān) - man (man, male, human being)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pums

pums - man, male, human being

Note: Apposition to saḥ

धुरंधरः (dhuraṁdharaḥ) - a true leader (dhuraṃdhara) (bearing burdens, leader, chief, responsible person)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhuraṃdhara

dhuraṁdhara - bearing a burden, leader, chief, responsible

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (dhur+dhara)

• dhur – burden, yoke, responsibility
  noun (feminine)
• dhara – holding, bearing, carrying
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root dhṛ (to hold)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative for saḥ pumān