महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-208, verse-9

अवाग्योगप्रयोगेण मनोज्ञं संप्रवर्तते ।
विवक्षता वा सद्वाक्यं धर्मं सूक्ष्ममवेक्षता ।
सत्यां वाचमहिंस्रां च वदेदनपवादिनीम् ॥९॥

9. avāgyogaprayogeṇa manojñaṁ saṁpravartate ,
vivakṣatā vā sadvākyaṁ dharmaṁ sūkṣmamavekṣatā ,
satyāṁ vācamahiṁsrāṁ ca vadedanapavādinīm.

9. avāgyoga-prayogeṇa manojñam
saṃpravartate vivakṣatā vā sadvākyam
dharmam sūkṣmam avekṣatā satyām
vācam ahiṃsrām ca vadet anapavādinīm

9. avāgyoga-prayogeṇa manojñam saṃpravartate.
vā,
sadvākyam vivakṣatā,
sūkṣmam dharmam avekṣatā,
satyām ahiṃsrām ca anapavādinīm vācam vadet

9. Through the practice of speech restraint (yoga), one's mind becomes agreeable. Alternatively, one who wishes to speak wholesome words, discerning the subtle natural law (dharma), should utter speech that is truthful, non-harmful (ahiṃsā), and free from slander.

Words meanings summery:

• अवाग्योग-प्रयोगेण (avāgyoga-prayogeṇa) - through the practice of speech restraint (yoga) (by the application of the yoga of speech-restraint)

• मनोज्ञम् (manojñam) - agreeable (state of mind) (agreeable, pleasing, beautiful)

• संप्रवर्तते (saṁpravartate) - becomes agreeable (mind) (proceeds, occurs, arises)

• विवक्षता (vivakṣatā) - by one who wishes to speak (by one wishing to speak)

• वा (vā) - alternatively (or, optionally)

• सद्वाक्यम् (sadvākyam) - wholesome words (good word, wholesome speech)

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, duty)

• सूक्ष्मम् (sūkṣmam) - subtle (subtle, minute, fine)

• अवेक्षता (avekṣatā) - by one discerning (by one contemplating, observing)

• सत्याम् (satyām) - truthful (truthful, true)

• वाचम् (vācam) - speech (speech, word)

• अहिंस्राम् (ahiṁsrām) - non-harmful (ahiṃsā) (non-harmful, non-injurious)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• वदेत् (vadet) - should utter (should speak, should say)

• अनपवादिनीम् (anapavādinīm) - free from slander (not reproaching, not slandering)

Words meanings and morphology

अवाग्योग-प्रयोगेण (avāgyoga-prayogeṇa) - through the practice of speech restraint (yoga) (by the application of the yoga of speech-restraint)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of avāgyogaprayoga

avāgyogaprayoga - application of speech-restraint, practice of verbal yoga

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (avāgyoga+prayoga)

• avāgyoga – restraint of speech, verbal yoga
  noun (masculine)
• prayoga – application, use, practice
  noun (masculine)
  From pra + yuj (to join, apply)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: yuj (class 7)

मनोज्ञम् (manojñam) - agreeable (state of mind) (agreeable, pleasing, beautiful)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of manojña

manojña - pleasing, agreeable, charming, beautiful

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (manas+jña)

• manas – mind, intellect, thought
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'man' (to think)
  Root: man (class 4)
• jña – knowing, causing to know
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'jñā' (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

संप्रवर्तते (saṁpravartate) - becomes agreeable (mind) (proceeds, occurs, arises)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of saṃpravṛt

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

विवक्षता (vivakṣatā) - by one who wishes to speak (by one wishing to speak)

(participle)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vivakṣat

vivakṣat - wishing to speak, desirous of speaking

Desiderative Present Active Participle

From desiderative stem of root 'vac' (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

वा (vā) - alternatively (or, optionally)

(indeclinable)

सद्वाक्यम् (sadvākyam) - wholesome words (good word, wholesome speech)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sadvākya

sadvākya - good word, wholesome speech, true statement

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sat+vākya)

• sat – good, true, existing
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  From root 'as' (to be)
  Root: as (class 2)
• vākya – speech, sentence, word
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'vac' (to speak)
  Root: vac (class 2)

धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, duty)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, constitution, virtue

From root 'dhṛ' (to hold, support)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

सूक्ष्मम् (sūkṣmam) - subtle (subtle, minute, fine)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sūkṣma

sūkṣma - subtle, minute, fine, delicate, refined

अवेक्षता (avekṣatā) - by one discerning (by one contemplating, observing)

(participle)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of avekṣat

avekṣat - observing, contemplating, discerning

Present Active Participle

From ava + īkṣ (to see, observe)

Prefix: ava

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

सत्याम् (satyām) - truthful (truthful, true)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of satya

satya - true, real, truthful, genuine

वाचम् (vācam) - speech (speech, word)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vāc

vāc - speech, word, voice, language

From root 'vac' (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

अहिंस्राम् (ahiṁsrām) - non-harmful (ahiṃsā) (non-harmful, non-injurious)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ahiṃsra

ahiṁsra - non-injurious, non-harmful, harmless

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+hiṃsra)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle
• hiṃsra – injurious, harmful, cruel
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'hiṃs' (to harm)
  Root: hiṃs (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

वदेत् (vadet) - should utter (should speak, should say)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of vad

Root: vad (class 1)

अनपवादिनीम् (anapavādinīm) - free from slander (not reproaching, not slandering)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of anapavādin

anapavādin - not censuring, not reproaching, not slandering

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+apavādin)

• an – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle used before vowels
• apavādin – blaming, reproaching, slandering
  adjective (masculine)
  From apa + vad (to speak ill of, blame)
  Prefix: apa
  Root: vad (class 1)