महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-208, verse-11

वाक्प्रबुद्धो हि संरागाद्विरागाद्व्याहरेद्यदि ।
बुद्ध्या ह्यनिगृहीतेन मनसा कर्म तामसम् ।
रजोभूतैर्हि करणैः कर्मणा प्रतिपद्यते ॥११॥

11. vākprabuddho hi saṁrāgādvirāgādvyāharedyadi ,
buddhyā hyanigṛhītena manasā karma tāmasam ,
rajobhūtairhi karaṇaiḥ karmaṇā pratipadyate.

11. vāk prabuddhaḥ hi saṃrāgāt virāgāt
vyāharet yadi buddhyā hi anigṛhītena
manasā karma tāmasam rajaḥ-bhūtaiḥ
hi karaṇaiḥ karmaṇā pratipadyate

11. yadi hi vāk prabuddhaḥ saṃrāgāt virāgāt vyāharet,
hi buddhyā anigṛhītena manasā hi rajaḥ-bhūtaiḥ karaṇaiḥ tāmasam karma pratipadyate

11. Indeed, if a person whose speech is activated speaks due to intense attachment or aversion, then, with a mind unrestrained by the intellect and with senses permeated by the quality of passion (rajas), they undertake an action (karma) characteristic of ignorance (tamas).

Words meanings summery:

• वाक् (vāk) - speech, voice

• प्रबुद्धः (prabuddhaḥ) - awakened, stirred, active

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• संरागात् (saṁrāgāt) - from intense attachment, due to passion

• विरागात् (virāgāt) - from aversion, from detachment (in a negative sense, like indifference)

• व्याहरेत् (vyāharet) - one should speak, utters

• यदि (yadi) - if

• बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by the intellect, by understanding

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• अनिगृहीतेन (anigṛhītena) - by an unrestrained, by an uncontrolled

• मनसा (manasā) - by the mind

• कर्म (karma) - action, deed (karma)

• तामसम् (tāmasam) - characteristic of tamas (ignorance/darkness), ignorant

• रजः-भूतैः (rajaḥ-bhūtaiḥ) - by those permeated by rajas, consisting of passion

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• करणैः (karaṇaiḥ) - by the instruments, by the senses/organs

• कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by means of (such) action (by action (karma), through action)

• प्रतिपद्यते (pratipadyate) - undertakes, performs, engages in, achieves

Words meanings and morphology

वाक् (vāk) - speech, voice

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vāc

vāc - speech, voice, word

प्रबुद्धः (prabuddhaḥ) - awakened, stirred, active

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prabuddha

prabuddha - awakened, enlightened, active

Past Passive Participle

Prefix: pra

Root: budh (class 1)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

संरागात् (saṁrāgāt) - from intense attachment, due to passion

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of saṃrāga

saṁrāga - intense attachment, passion, strong desire

Prefix: sam

Root: rañj (class 1)

विरागात् (virāgāt) - from aversion, from detachment (in a negative sense, like indifference)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of virāga

virāga - aversion, detachment, absence of passion

Prefix: vi

Root: rañj (class 1)

व्याहरेत् (vyāharet) - one should speak, utters

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of hṛ

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

यदि (yadi) - if

(indeclinable)

बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by the intellect, by understanding

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, understanding, discernment

Root: budh (class 1)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

अनिगृहीतेन (anigṛhītena) - by an unrestrained, by an uncontrolled

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of anigṛhīta

anigṛhīta - unrestrained, uncontrolled, unchecked

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (an+nigṛhīta)

• an – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix (used before vowels)
• nigṛhīta – restrained, controlled, held back
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Prefix: ni
  Root: grah (class 9)

मनसा (manasā) - by the mind

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, thought, consciousness

कर्म (karma) - action, deed (karma)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, ritual, fate (karma)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

तामसम् (tāmasam) - characteristic of tamas (ignorance/darkness), ignorant

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tāmasa

tāmasa - relating to tamas, dark, ignorant, deluded

रजः-भूतैः (rajaḥ-bhūtaiḥ) - by those permeated by rajas, consisting of passion

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of rajobhūta

rajobhūta - permeated by rajas, consisting of rajas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rajas+bhūta)

• rajas – quality of passion/activity, dust, impurity (rajas)
  noun (neuter)
• bhūta – become, being, element, permeated
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Root: bhū (class 1)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

करणैः (karaṇaiḥ) - by the instruments, by the senses/organs

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of karaṇa

karaṇa - instrument, means, organ (sense or action), cause

Root: kṛ (class 8)

कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by means of (such) action (by action (karma), through action)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, ritual, fate (karma)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

प्रतिपद्यते (pratipadyate) - undertakes, performs, engages in, achieves

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of pad

Prefix: prati

Root: pad (class 4)