महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-208, verse-1

गुरुरुवाच ।
दुरन्तेष्विन्द्रियार्थेषु सक्ताः सीदन्ति जन्तवः ।
ये त्वसक्ता महात्मानस्ते यान्ति परमां गतिम् ॥१॥

1. gururuvāca ,
duranteṣvindriyārtheṣu saktāḥ sīdanti jantavaḥ ,
ye tvasaktā mahātmānaste yānti paramāṁ gatim.

1. guruḥ uvāca duranteṣu indriya-artheṣu saktāḥ sīdanti
jantavaḥ ye tu asaktāḥ mahā-ātmānaḥ te yānti paramām gatim

1. guruḥ uvāca: duranteṣu indriya-artheṣu saktāḥ jantavaḥ sīdanti; ye tu asaktāḥ mahā-ātmānaḥ,
te paramām gatim yānti

1. The Guru said: 'Living beings (jantavaḥ) who are attached to the endless objects of the senses suffer. But those great souls (mahātman) who are unattached attain the supreme destination.'

Words meanings summery:

• गुरुः (guruḥ) - The Guru (guru) (teacher, spiritual preceptor)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• दुरन्तेषु (duranteṣu) - in endless (sense objects) (in endless, in troublesome, in ending badly)

• इन्द्रिय-अर्थेषु (indriya-artheṣu) - in sense objects, in objects of the senses

• सक्ताः (saktāḥ) - attached, clinging, addicted

• सीदन्ति (sīdanti) - they sink, they suffer, they perish

• जन्तवः (jantavaḥ) - living beings (jantavaḥ) (living beings, creatures, people)

• ये (ye) - who, those who

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, however

• असक्ताः (asaktāḥ) - unattached, unconcerned, free from longing

• महा-आत्मानः (mahā-ātmānaḥ) - great souls (mahātman) (great souls, noble-minded persons)

• ते (te) - they, those

• यान्ति (yānti) - they go, they attain, they reach

• परमाम् (paramām) - supreme, highest, ultimate

• गतिम् (gatim) - supreme destination (state, destination, path, movement)

Words meanings and morphology

गुरुः (guruḥ) - The Guru (guru) (teacher, spiritual preceptor)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guru

guru - teacher, spiritual preceptor, heavy, venerable (guru)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, Active voice

3rd person, singular, perfect tense, active voice, parasmaipada

Root: vac (class 2)

दुरन्तेषु (duranteṣu) - in endless (sense objects) (in endless, in troublesome, in ending badly)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of duranta

duranta - ending badly, troublesome, endless, difficult to end

Compound of 'dur-' (badly, difficult) and 'anta' (end)

Note: Agrees with 'indriya-artheṣu'

इन्द्रिय-अर्थेषु (indriya-artheṣu) - in sense objects, in objects of the senses

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of indriya-artha

indriya-artha - object of sense, sense object

Compound type : genitive tatpurusha (indriya+artha)

• indriya – sense organ, faculty, power
  noun (neuter)
• artha – object, purpose, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

सक्ताः (saktāḥ) - attached, clinging, addicted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sakta

sakta - attached, clinging to, devoted to, addicted

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root 'sañj' (to cling, to be attached)

Root: sañj (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'jantavaḥ'

सीदन्ति (sīdanti) - they sink, they suffer, they perish

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of sad

Present tense, Active voice

3rd person, plural, present tense, active voice, parasmaipada

Root: sad (class 1)

जन्तवः (jantavaḥ) - living beings (jantavaḥ) (living beings, creatures, people)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jantu

jantu - living being, creature, man, animal

Derived from root 'jan' (to be born)

Root: jan (class 4)

ये (ye) - who, those who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Relative pronoun, refers to 'jantavaḥ' (living beings)

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, however

(indeclinable)

असक्ताः (asaktāḥ) - unattached, unconcerned, free from longing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of asakta

asakta - unattached, unconcerned, independent

Formed with negative prefix 'a-' and 'sakta' (attached)

Note: Agrees with 'mahā-ātmānaḥ' and 'ye'

महा-आत्मानः (mahā-ātmānaḥ) - great souls (mahātman) (great souls, noble-minded persons)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahā-ātman

mahā-ātman - great soul, noble-minded person (mahātman)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

ते (te) - they, those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Correlative pronoun to 'ye'

यान्ति (yānti) - they go, they attain, they reach

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of yā

Present tense, Active voice

3rd person, plural, present tense, active voice, parasmaipada

Root: yā (class 2)

परमाम् (paramām) - supreme, highest, ultimate

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of parama

parama - highest, supreme, ultimate, excellent

Note: Agrees with 'gatim'

गतिम् (gatim) - supreme destination (state, destination, path, movement)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gati

gati - movement, course, state, condition, destination, path

Derived from root 'gam' (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)