महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-170, verse-23

इत्येतद्धास्तिनपुरे ब्राह्मणेनोपवर्णितम् ।
शम्याकेन पुरा मह्यं तस्मात्त्यागः परो मतः ॥२३॥

23. ityetaddhāstinapure brāhmaṇenopavarṇitam ,
śamyākena purā mahyaṁ tasmāttyāgaḥ paro mataḥ.

23. iti etat ha Hāstinapure brāhmaṇena upavarṇitam
Śamyākena purā mahyam tasmāt tyāgaḥ paraḥ mataḥ

23. Thus, this was indeed explained to me long ago in Hastinapura by a Brahmin named Śamyāka. Therefore, renunciation (tyāga) is considered supreme.

Words meanings summery:

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner

• एतत् (etat) - this

• ह (ha) - indeed, surely (particle of emphasis)

• हास्तिनपुरे (hāstinapure) - in Hastinapura

• ब्राह्मणेन (brāhmaṇena) - by a Brahmin

• उपवर्णितम् (upavarṇitam) - described, explained, narrated

• शम्याकेन (śamyākena) - by Śamyāka

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, in ancient times

• मह्यम् (mahyam) - to me

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

• त्यागः (tyāgaḥ) - renunciation, abandonment

• परः (paraḥ) - supreme, highest, ultimate

• मतः (mataḥ) - considered, thought, believed

Words meanings and morphology

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this here

ह (ha) - indeed, surely (particle of emphasis)

(indeclinable)

हास्तिनपुरे (hāstinapure) - in Hastinapura

(proper noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of Hāstinapura

Hāstinapura - Hastinapura (an ancient city, capital of the Kauravas)

ब्राह्मणेन (brāhmaṇena) - by a Brahmin

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - Brahmin, member of the priestly class

उपवर्णितम् (upavarṇitam) - described, explained, narrated

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of upavarṇita

upavarṇita - described, explained, narrated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √varṇ (to describe, color) with upasarga 'upa-'.

Prefix: upa

Root: varṇ (class 10)

शम्याकेन (śamyākena) - by Śamyāka

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of Śamyāka

Śamyāka - Śamyāka (a proper name, likely a sage or Brahmin)

पुरा (purā) - formerly, in ancient times

(indeclinable)

मह्यम् (mahyam) - to me

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of mad

mad - I, me

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

(pronoun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

त्यागः (tyāgaḥ) - renunciation, abandonment

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tyāga

tyāga - renunciation, abandonment, sacrifice

From the root √tyaj (to abandon) with suffix -ghañ.

Root: tyaj (class 1)

परः (paraḥ) - supreme, highest, ultimate

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, ultimate, other

मतः (mataḥ) - considered, thought, believed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mata

mata - considered, thought, believed, opinion

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √man (to think, believe).

Root: man (class 4)