महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-170, verse-13

तं वै सदा कामचरमनुपस्तीर्णशायिनम् ।
बाहूपधानं शाम्यन्तं प्रशंसन्ति दिवौकसः ॥१३॥

13. taṁ vai sadā kāmacaramanupastīrṇaśāyinam ,
bāhūpadhānaṁ śāmyantaṁ praśaṁsanti divaukasaḥ.

13. tam vai sadā kāma-caram anupastīrṇa-śāyinam
bāhūpadhānam śāmyantam praśaṃsanti divaukasaḥ

13. vai divaukasaḥ tam sadā kāma-caram
anupastīrṇa-śāyinam bāhūpadhānam śāmyantam praśaṃsanti

13. Indeed, the gods praise him who always moves about freely, sleeps without a mat or bed, uses his arm as a pillow, and is tranquil.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him

• वै (vai) - indeed, verily

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever

• काम-चरम् (kāma-caram) - moving at will, acting freely

• अनुपस्तीर्ण-शायिनम् (anupastīrṇa-śāyinam) - one who sleeps on bare ground, without a mat/bed

• बाहूपधानम् (bāhūpadhānam) - having his arm as a pillow

• शाम्यन्तम् (śāmyantam) - peaceful, tranquil, becoming quiet

• प्रशंसन्ति (praśaṁsanti) - they praise

• दिवौकसः (divaukasaḥ) - the gods, dwellers in heaven

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

वै (vai) - indeed, verily

(indeclinable)

सदा (sadā) - always, ever

(indeclinable)

काम-चरम् (kāma-caram) - moving at will, acting freely

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāma-cara

kāma-cara - moving at will, free to roam, acting according to desire

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāma+cara)

• kāma – desire, wish, love, will
  noun (masculine)
• cara – moving, roaming, walking, a spy
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Agent Noun
  From root car (to move) + a
  Root: car (class 1)

अनुपस्तीर्ण-शायिनम् (anupastīrṇa-śāyinam) - one who sleeps on bare ground, without a mat/bed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anupastīrṇa-śāyin

anupastīrṇa-śāyin - one who sleeps without a mat, sleeping on bare ground

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (anupastīrṇa+śāyin)

• anupastīrṇa – not spread, without a mat/bed
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From an-upa-stṛ (not + upa-stṛ, to spread out) + kta
  Prefixes: an+upa
  Root: stṛ (class 5)
• śāyin – sleeping, lying down
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Agent Noun/Participle
  From root śī (to sleep) + ṇin (agent suffix)
  Root: śī (class 2)

बाहूपधानम् (bāhūpadhānam) - having his arm as a pillow

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bāhūpadhāna

bāhūpadhāna - having the arm as a pillow

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bāhu+upadhāna)

• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)
• upadhāna – pillow, cushion, anything placed under
  noun (neuter)
  From upa-dhā (to place near/under) + ana
  Prefix: upa
  Root: dhā (class 3)

शाम्यन्तम् (śāmyantam) - peaceful, tranquil, becoming quiet

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śāmyat

śāmyat - becoming tranquil, quieting down, peaceful

Present Active Participle

From root śam (to be calm) + śatṛ

Root: śam (class 4)

प्रशंसन्ति (praśaṁsanti) - they praise

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of pra-śaṃs

Present Active

From root śaṃs with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

दिवौकसः (divaukasaḥ) - the gods, dwellers in heaven

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of divaukas

divaukas - a god, a celestial being, dweller in heaven

Compound type : aluk tatpuruṣa (div+okas)

• div – heaven, sky, day
  noun (feminine)
• okas – dwelling, home, abode
  noun (neuter)