महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-170, verse-2

भीष्म उवाच ।
अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् ।
शम्याकेन विमुक्तेन गीतं शान्तिगतेन ह ॥२॥

2. bhīṣma uvāca ,
atrāpyudāharantīmamitihāsaṁ purātanam ,
śamyākena vimuktena gītaṁ śāntigatena ha.

2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca atra api udāharanti imam itihāsam
purātanam śamyākena vimuktena gītam śāntigatena ha

2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca atra api imam purātanam itihāsam
udāharanti vimuktena śāntigatena śamyākena ha gītam

2. Bhishma said: Here too, they cite this ancient narrative (itihāsa). It was sung by Śamyāka, who was liberated and had attained peace (śānti).

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this place

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• उदाहरन्ति (udāharanti) - they cite, they relate, they exemplify

• इमम् (imam) - this, this one

• इतिहासम् (itihāsam) - narrative, history, legend

• पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient, old, primeval

• शम्याकेन (śamyākena) - by the sage Śamyāka (by Śamyāka)

• विमुक्तेन (vimuktena) - by the liberated one, by one set free

• गीतम् (gītam) - the narrative which was sung (sung, chanted; a song, what was sung)

• शान्तिगतेन (śāntigatena) - by one who has attained peace

• ह (ha) - indeed, surely (an emphatic particle)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name of a Kuru warrior)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of uvāca

perfect

root 'vac', perfect third person singular active

Root: vac (class 2)

अत्र (atra) - here, in this place

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

उदाहरन्ति (udāharanti) - they cite, they relate, they exemplify

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of udāharanti

present

root 'hṛ' with prefixes 'ud-ā', present third person plural active

Prefixes: ud+ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

इमम् (imam) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

इतिहासम् (itihāsam) - narrative, history, legend

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of itihāsa

itihāsa - history, legend, traditional narrative, epic

पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient, old, primeval

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of purātana

purātana - ancient, old, primeval, belonging to former times

derived from 'purā' (formerly) with suffix '-tana'

शम्याकेन (śamyākena) - by the sage Śamyāka (by Śamyāka)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śamyāka

śamyāka - name of a sage

विमुक्तेन (vimuktena) - by the liberated one, by one set free

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vimukta

vimukta - liberated, released, freed, abandoned

Past Passive Participle

derived from root 'muc' (to release) with prefix 'vi-'

Prefix: vi

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Agrees with 'śamyākena'.

गीतम् (gītam) - the narrative which was sung (sung, chanted; a song, what was sung)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of gīta

gīta - sung, chanted; a song

Past Passive Participle

derived from root 'gai' (to sing)

Root: gai (class 1)

शान्तिगतेन (śāntigatena) - by one who has attained peace

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śāntigata

śāntigata - one who has attained peace, peaceful

Compound of 'śānti' and 'gata'

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śānti+gata)

• śānti – peace, tranquility, cessation
  noun (feminine)
  derived from root 'śam' (to be calm)
  Root: śam (class 4)
• gata – gone, attained, arrived
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  derived from root 'gam' (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

ह (ha) - indeed, surely (an emphatic particle)

(indeclinable)