महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-17, verse-5

यथेद्धः प्रज्वलत्यग्निरसमिद्धः प्रशाम्यति ।
अल्पाहारतया त्वग्निं शमयौदर्यमुत्थितम् ।
जयोदरं पृथिव्या ते श्रेयो निर्जितया जितम् ॥५॥

5. yatheddhaḥ prajvalatyagnirasamiddhaḥ praśāmyati ,
alpāhāratayā tvagniṁ śamayaudaryamutthitam ,
jayodaraṁ pṛthivyā te śreyo nirjitayā jitam.

5. yathā iddhaḥ prajvalati agniḥ asamiddhaḥ
praśāmyati alpāhāratayā tu agnim
śamaya audaryam utthitam jaya udaram
pṛthivyā te śreyaḥ nirjitayā jitam

5. yathā iddhaḥ agniḥ prajvalati asamiddhaḥ
praśāmyati tu alpāhāratayā utthitam
audaryam agnim śamaya udaram jaya
te śreyaḥ jitam nirjitayā pṛthivyā

5. Just as an ignited fire burns brightly, but an unfueled one is extinguished, so too, by consuming little, you should extinguish the inner fire (of desire) that has arisen from your belly. Conquer your belly! For you, a superior welfare (śreyaḥ) is attained by this (inner conquest) than by a conquered earth.

Words meanings summery:

• यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, in the manner that)

• इद्धः (iddhaḥ) - ignited (kindled, ignited, blazing)

• प्रज्वलति (prajvalati) - burns brightly (burns brightly, blazes up)

• अग्निः (agniḥ) - fire

• असमिद्धः (asamiddhaḥ) - unfueled (un-kindled, unfueled)

• प्रशाम्यति (praśāmyati) - is extinguished (is extinguished, subsides, calms down)

• अल्पाहारतया (alpāhāratayā) - by consuming little (by means of little food, by moderation in diet)

• तु (tu) - so too, but (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• अग्निम् (agnim) - the (inner) fire (of desire) (fire)

• शमय (śamaya) - extinguish (extinguish, calm, put out (imperative))

• औदर्यम् (audaryam) - (fire) of desire arisen from the belly (pertaining to the belly, belly-born (desire))

• उत्थितम् (utthitam) - arisen (from the belly) (arisen, stood up, produced)

• जय (jaya) - conquer (conquer, win, be victorious (imperative))

• उदरम् (udaram) - belly (symbolic of desires) (belly, stomach)

• पृथिव्या (pṛthivyā) - than by a (conquered) earth (by the earth, than the earth)

• ते (te) - for you, your (to you, for you, your)

• श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - higher good, superior welfare (welfare, good fortune, higher good, prosperity)

• निर्जितया (nirjitayā) - by a complete conquest (of inner self) (by the completely conquered, by means of a total victory)

• जितम् (jitam) - is attained, is won (won, conquered, gained)

Words meanings and morphology

यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, in the manner that)

(indeclinable)

Note: Correlative adverb.

इद्धः (iddhaḥ) - ignited (kindled, ignited, blazing)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of iddha

iddha - kindled, ignited, bright

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √indh 'to kindle, light'

Root: indh (class 7)

Note: Agrees with `agniḥ`.

प्रज्वलति (prajvalati) - burns brightly (burns brightly, blazes up)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of prajval

Present tense, Parasmaipada

Prefix: pra

Root: jval (class 1)

अग्निः (agniḥ) - fire

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of agni

agni - fire, sacrificial fire, deity Agni

Note: Subject of `prajvalati`.

असमिद्धः (asamiddhaḥ) - unfueled (un-kindled, unfueled)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of asamiddha

asamiddha - un-kindled, not ignited, not fueled

Negative Past Passive Participle

a (negation) + samiddha (past passive participle of √sam-indh)

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+samiddha)

• a – not, non, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• samiddha – kindled, inflamed, intensified
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  saṃ (prefix) + iddha (PPP of √indh)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: indh (class 7)

Note: Refers to an implied `agniḥ`.

प्रशाम्यति (praśāmyati) - is extinguished (is extinguished, subsides, calms down)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of praśam

Present tense, Parasmaipada

Prefix: pra

Root: śam (class 4)

अल्पाहारतया (alpāhāratayā) - by consuming little (by means of little food, by moderation in diet)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of alpāhāratā

alpāhāratā - state of eating little, moderation in diet

-tā suffix forms feminine abstract noun from `alpāhāra`

Compound type : tatpurusha (alpa+āhāra)

• alpa – little, small, few
  adjective
• āhāra – food, diet, nourishment, taking
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from ā-√hṛ
  Prefix: ā
  Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Adverbial instrumental.

तु (tu) - so too, but (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction showing contrast or continuation.

अग्निम् (agnim) - the (inner) fire (of desire) (fire)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of agni

agni - fire, sacrificial fire, deity Agni

Note: Object of `śamaya`.

शमय (śamaya) - extinguish (extinguish, calm, put out (imperative))

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śam

Imperative mood, Parasmaipada, causative stem

Causative stem √śam- (10th class or secondary causative) + imperative ending

Root: śam (class 4)

Note: Addressed to "you" (implied subject).

औदर्यम् (audaryam) - (fire) of desire arisen from the belly (pertaining to the belly, belly-born (desire))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of audarya

audarya - belly-born, of the belly, gluttony, desire for food

Derived from `udara` (belly)

Note: Agrees with `agnim`.

उत्थितम् (utthitam) - arisen (from the belly) (arisen, stood up, produced)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of utthita

utthita - risen, arisen, standing up, produced

Past Passive Participle

ut (prefix) + sthita (PPP of √sthā)

Prefix: ud

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `agnim`.

जय (jaya) - conquer (conquer, win, be victorious (imperative))

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of ji

Imperative mood, Parasmaipada

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Addressed to "you" (implied subject).

उदरम् (udaram) - belly (symbolic of desires) (belly, stomach)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of udara

udara - belly, stomach, abdomen, interior

Note: Object of `jaya`.

पृथिव्या (pṛthivyā) - than by a (conquered) earth (by the earth, than the earth)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of pṛthivī

pṛthivī - earth, ground, land

Note: Used as an ablative of comparison.

ते (te) - for you, your (to you, for you, your)

(pronoun)

singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Enclitic form of `yuṣmad`.

श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - higher good, superior welfare (welfare, good fortune, higher good, prosperity)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śreyas

śreyas - welfare, good, fortune, prosperity, excellence, ultimate good

Note: Subject.

निर्जितया (nirjitayā) - by a complete conquest (of inner self) (by the completely conquered, by means of a total victory)

(participle)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of nirjita

nirjita - completely conquered, thoroughly subdued

Past Passive Participle

nir (prefix) + jita (PPP of √ji)

Prefix: nis

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Adverbial or refers to an implicit feminine noun like `vijayayā` (by victory) or `icchayā` (by desire). Emphasizes the internal conquest.

जितम् (jitam) - is attained, is won (won, conquered, gained)

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jita

jita - conquered, won, subdued, attained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √ji 'to conquer, win'

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `śreyaḥ`.