महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-17, verse-15

तपसा ब्रह्मचर्येण स्वाध्यायेन च पाविताः ।
विमुच्य देहान्वै भान्ति मृत्योरविषयं गताः ॥१५॥

15. tapasā brahmacaryeṇa svādhyāyena ca pāvitāḥ ,
vimucya dehānvai bhānti mṛtyoraviṣayaṁ gatāḥ.

15. tapasā brahmacaryeṇa svādhyāyena ca pāvitāḥ
vimucya dehān vai bhānti mṛtyoḥ aviṣayam gatāḥ

15. tapasā brahmacaryeṇa ca svādhyāyena pāvitāḥ
dehān vimucya mṛtyoḥ aviṣayam gatāḥ vai bhānti

15. Those who are purified by ascetic practice (tapas), celibacy, and self-study, having renounced their bodies, truly shine, having gone beyond the reach of death.

Words meanings summery:

• तपसा (tapasā) - by spiritual austerity (tapas) (by ascetic practice, by austerity, by penance)

• ब्रह्मचर्येण (brahmacaryeṇa) - by celibacy, by studenthood, by chastity

• स्वाध्यायेन (svādhyāyena) - by self-study, by Vedic study, by recitation of sacred texts

• च (ca) - and, also

• पाविताः (pāvitāḥ) - purified, cleansed, sanctified

• विमुच्य (vimucya) - having released, having abandoned, having given up

• देहान् (dehān) - bodies

• वै (vai) - emphatic particle (indeed, surely, verily)

• भान्ति (bhānti) - they shine, they appear, they are brilliant

• मृत्योः (mṛtyoḥ) - of death, from death

• अविषयम् (aviṣayam) - beyond the reach, not within the domain, not subject to

• गताः (gatāḥ) - having gone, attained, reached

Words meanings and morphology

तपसा (tapasā) - by spiritual austerity (tapas) (by ascetic practice, by austerity, by penance)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - ascetic practice, austerity, penance, heat, spiritual fervor

ब्रह्मचर्येण (brahmacaryeṇa) - by celibacy, by studenthood, by chastity

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of brahmacarya

brahmacarya - chaste conduct, celibacy, student life (devoted to Vedic study)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brahman+carya)

• brahman – sacred utterance, Veda, ultimate reality
  noun (neuter)
• carya – conduct, practice, movement
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive
  Derived from √car 'to move, to practice'
  Root: car (class 1)

स्वाध्यायेन (svādhyāyena) - by self-study, by Vedic study, by recitation of sacred texts

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of svādhyāya

svādhyāya - self-study, study of the Vedas, recitation of sacred texts

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+adhyāya)

• sva – one's own, self
  pronoun (masculine)
• adhyāya – study, lesson, chapter
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from adhi-√i 'to study'
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: i (class 2)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

पाविताः (pāvitāḥ) - purified, cleansed, sanctified

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāvita

pāvita - purified, cleansed, sanctified

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √pū (class 9) 'to purify'

Root: pū (class 9)

Note: Agrees with an implied subject 'they'.

विमुच्य (vimucya) - having released, having abandoned, having given up

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from the root √muc 'to release' with prefix vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: muc (class 6)

देहान् (dehān) - bodies

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of deha

deha - body, form, person

वै (vai) - emphatic particle (indeed, surely, verily)

(indeclinable)

भान्ति (bhānti) - they shine, they appear, they are brilliant

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of bhā

Present Indicative

Root class 2 (adā-di)

Root: bhā (class 2)

मृत्योः (mṛtyoḥ) - of death, from death

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mṛtyu

mṛtyu - death, Yama (god of death)

अविषयम् (aviṣayam) - beyond the reach, not within the domain, not subject to

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of aviṣaya

aviṣaya - not an object, not a sphere, beyond reach, not subject to

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (na+viṣaya)

• na – not, no
  indeclinable
• viṣaya – object, sphere, domain, subject matter
  noun (masculine)

Note: Functions adverbially, 'beyond the domain'.

गताः (gatāḥ) - having gone, attained, reached

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gata

gata - gone, arrived, attained, reached

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √gam 'to go'

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with an implied subject 'they'.