महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-19, verse-3

अस्य चापग्रहेणैष पाणिः कृतकिणो महान् ।
कथंचिच्छिद्यते गृध्रैरत्तुकामैस्तलत्रवान् ॥३॥

3. asya cāpagraheṇaiṣa pāṇiḥ kṛtakiṇo mahān ,
kathaṁcicchidyate gṛdhrairattukāmaistalatravān.

3. asya cāpagraheṇa eṣa pāṇiḥ kṛtakiṇaḥ mahān
kathaṃcid chidyate gṛdhrāiḥ attukāmaiḥ talatravān

3. asya eṣa mahān kṛtakiṇaḥ talatravān pāṇiḥ
cāpagraheṇa attukāmaiḥ gṛdhrāiḥ kathaṃcid chidyate

3. This great hand of his, scarred from holding the bow and protected by a gauntlet, is somehow being torn apart by vultures eager to feed.

Words meanings summery:

• अस्य (asya) - Refers to Vikarṇa. (his, of him, of this)

• चापग्रहेण (cāpagraheṇa) - The cause of the calluses on Vikarṇa's hand, signifying his skill as an archer. (by holding the bow, by grasping the bow)

• एष (eṣa) - Refers to the hand of Vikarṇa. (this (masculine nominative singular))

• पाणिः (pāṇiḥ) - Vikarṇa's hand, the main subject of this half-verse. (hand)

• कृतकिणः (kṛtakiṇaḥ) - Refers to the calluses formed on Vikarṇa's hand from continuous bow-holding. (scarred, calloused, having calluses)

• महान् (mahān) - Emphasizes the strength and importance of Vikarṇa's hand. (great, large, mighty)

• कथंचिद् (kathaṁcid) - Highlights the effort or resistance faced by the vultures, perhaps due to the gauntlet or the hand's former strength. (somehow, with difficulty, by some means)

• छिद्यते (chidyate) - Describes the action of the vultures on Vikarṇa's hand. (is cut, is torn, is divided)

• गृध्राइः (gṛdhrāiḥ) - The agents performing the tearing action. (by vultures)

• अत्तुकामैः (attukāmaiḥ) - Describes the motivation and eagerness of the vultures. (desirous of eating, wishing to eat)

• तलत्रवान् (talatravān) - Refers to Vikarṇa's hand, which is still protected, making it difficult for the vultures. (possessing a gauntlet, wearing a hand-guard)

Words meanings and morphology

अस्य (asya) - Refers to Vikarṇa. (his, of him, of this)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, it

चापग्रहेण (cāpagraheṇa) - The cause of the calluses on Vikarṇa's hand, signifying his skill as an archer. (by holding the bow, by grasping the bow)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of cāpagraha

cāpagraha - holding a bow, grasping a bow

Compound of cāpa (bow) and graha (taking/holding).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (cāpa+graha)

• cāpa – bow
  noun (masculine)
• graha – grasping, seizing, holding
  noun (masculine)
  Noun of action
  From root grah (to seize, take).
  Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Expresses the means or cause.

एष (eṣa) - Refers to the hand of Vikarṇa. (this (masculine nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this

पाणिः (pāṇiḥ) - Vikarṇa's hand, the main subject of this half-verse. (hand)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇi

pāṇi - hand

कृतकिणः (kṛtakiṇaḥ) - Refers to the calluses formed on Vikarṇa's hand from continuous bow-holding. (scarred, calloused, having calluses)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtakiṇa

kṛtakiṇa - having a scar or callus, scarred, calloused

Bahuvrīhi compound of kṛta (made) and kiṇa (scar/callus).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛta+kiṇa)

• kṛta – made, done, performed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ (to do, make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• kiṇa – scar, callus, mark
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies pāṇiḥ.

महान् (mahān) - Emphasizes the strength and importance of Vikarṇa's hand. (great, large, mighty)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, important

Note: Qualifies pāṇiḥ.

कथंचिद् (kathaṁcid) - Highlights the effort or resistance faced by the vultures, perhaps due to the gauntlet or the hand's former strength. (somehow, with difficulty, by some means)

(indeclinable)

Compound of katham (how) and cid (an indefinite particle).

Note: Adverb modifying chidyate.

छिद्यते (chidyate) - Describes the action of the vultures on Vikarṇa's hand. (is cut, is torn, is divided)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of chid

Present passive 3rd singular

Root chid, 7th class, present passive.

Root: chid (class 7)

Note: The hand (pāṇiḥ) is the grammatical subject.

गृध्राइः (gṛdhrāiḥ) - The agents performing the tearing action. (by vultures)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of gṛdhra

gṛdhra - vulture, greedy (as adjective)

Note: Expresses the agent in a passive construction.

अत्तुकामैः (attukāmaiḥ) - Describes the motivation and eagerness of the vultures. (desirous of eating, wishing to eat)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of attukāma

attukāma - wishing to eat, desirous of eating

Desiderative nominal derivative

Compound of attu (infinitive stem of 'to eat') and kāma (desire).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (attu+kāma)

• attu – to eat (infinitive stem)
  indeclinable
  Infinitive stem
  From root ad (to eat).
  Root: ad (class 2)
• kāma – desire, wish
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies gṛdhrāiḥ.

तलत्रवान् (talatravān) - Refers to Vikarṇa's hand, which is still protected, making it difficult for the vultures. (possessing a gauntlet, wearing a hand-guard)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of talatravat

talatravat - possessing a hand-guard, wearing a gauntlet

Formed with possessive suffix -vat from talatra (hand-guard, gauntlet).

Note: Qualifies pāṇiḥ.