महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-19, verse-2

गजमध्यगतः शेते विकर्णो मधुसूदन ।
नीलमेघपरिक्षिप्तः शरदीव दिवाकरः ॥२॥

2. gajamadhyagataḥ śete vikarṇo madhusūdana ,
nīlameghaparikṣiptaḥ śaradīva divākaraḥ.

2. gajamadhyagataḥ śete vikarṇaḥ madhusūdana
nīlameghaparikṣiptaḥ śaradi iva divākaraḥ

2. madhusūdana vikarṇaḥ gajamadhyagataḥ
nīlameghaparikṣiptaḥ śaradi iva divākaraḥ śete

2. O Madhusūdana, Vikarṇa lies fallen amidst the elephants, like the sun enveloped by dark clouds in autumn.

Words meanings summery:

• गजमध्यगतः (gajamadhyagataḥ) - Refers to Vikarṇa lying dead amidst fallen elephants on the battlefield. (gone into the midst of elephants, fallen among elephants)

• शेते (śete) - Refers to Vikarṇa lying dead. (lies, rests)

• विकर्णः (vikarṇaḥ) - The subject of the verse, one of the Kaurava brothers. (Vikarṇa (proper name))

• मधुसूदन (madhusūdana) - Gāndhārī is addressing Kṛṣṇa. (O Slayer of Madhu (a name of Kṛṣṇa))

• नीलमेघपरिक्षिप्तः (nīlameghaparikṣiptaḥ) - Part of a simile comparing Vikarṇa to the sun obscured by clouds. (enveloped by dark clouds, surrounded by blue clouds)

• शरदि (śaradi) - Specifies the season, often associated with clear skies but also sudden cloudbursts. (in autumn)

• इव (iva) - Particle of comparison, introducing the simile. (like, as, as if)

• दिवाकरः (divākaraḥ) - The object of comparison for Vikarṇa, indicating his former brilliance now obscured. (the sun)

Words meanings and morphology

गजमध्यगतः (gajamadhyagataḥ) - Refers to Vikarṇa lying dead amidst fallen elephants on the battlefield. (gone into the midst of elephants, fallen among elephants)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gajamadhyagata

gajamadhyagata - gone into the midst of elephants

Past Passive Participle (for gata)

Compound of gaja (elephant), madhya (middle), and gata (gone).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gaja+madhya+gata)

• gaja – elephant
  noun (masculine)
• madhya – middle, center
  noun (neuter)
• gata – gone, reached, obtained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root gam (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Vikarṇa.

शेते (śete) - Refers to Vikarṇa lying dead. (lies, rests)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of śī

Present middle 3rd singular

Root śī, present middle.

Root: śī (class 2)

विकर्णः (vikarṇaḥ) - The subject of the verse, one of the Kaurava brothers. (Vikarṇa (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vikarṇa

vikarṇa - without ears, one whose ears are cut; a proper name (one of Duryodhana's brothers)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+karṇa)

• vi – apart, asunder, without
  indeclinable
• karṇa – ear
  noun (masculine)

मधुसूदन (madhusūdana) - Gāndhārī is addressing Kṛṣṇa. (O Slayer of Madhu (a name of Kṛṣṇa))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of madhusūdana

madhusūdana - slayer of Madhu (a demon); a name of Kṛṣṇa/Viṣṇu

Compound of Madhu (demon's name) and sūdana (destroyer).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (madhu+sūdana)

• madhu – honey, sweet; a demon's name
  noun (masculine)
• sūdana – slaying, destroyer
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root sūd (to kill) + ana suffix.
  Root: sūd (class 10)

नीलमेघपरिक्षिप्तः (nīlameghaparikṣiptaḥ) - Part of a simile comparing Vikarṇa to the sun obscured by clouds. (enveloped by dark clouds, surrounded by blue clouds)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nīlameghaparikṣipta

nīlameghaparikṣipta - surrounded by dark clouds

Past Passive Participle (for kṣipta)

Compound of nīlamegha (dark cloud) and parikṣipta (surrounded).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nīlamegha+parikṣipta)

• nīlamegha – dark cloud, blue cloud
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of nīla (dark/blue) and megha (cloud).
• parikṣipta – thrown around, encircled, surrounded, enveloped
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṣip (to throw) with prefix pari-.
  Prefix: pari
  Root: kṣip (class 6)

Note: Qualifies Vikarṇa in the simile.

शरदि (śaradi) - Specifies the season, often associated with clear skies but also sudden cloudbursts. (in autumn)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of śarad

śarad - autumn

Note: Denotes time.

इव (iva) - Particle of comparison, introducing the simile. (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison.

दिवाकरः (divākaraḥ) - The object of comparison for Vikarṇa, indicating his former brilliance now obscured. (the sun)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of divākara

divākara - sun, creator of day

Compound of divā (by day) and kara (maker).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (divā+kara)

• divā – by day, daily
  indeclinable
• kara – making, causing; hand, ray
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root kṛ (to do, make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)