महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-19, verse-10

यस्याहवमुखे सौम्य स्थाता नैवोपपद्यते ।
स कथं दुर्मुखोऽमित्रैर्हतो विबुधलोकजित् ॥१०॥

10. yasyāhavamukhe saumya sthātā naivopapadyate ,
sa kathaṁ durmukho'mitrairhato vibudhalokajit.

10. yasya āhavamukhe saumya sthātā na eva upapadyate
saḥ katham durmukhaḥ amitraiḥ hataḥ vibudhalokajit

10. saumya āhavamukhe yasya sthātā na eva upapadyate
saḥ vibudhalokajit katham amitraiḥ durmukhaḥ hataḥ

10. O gentle one, how is it that the conqueror of the celestial realms, before whom no foe could stand in the face of battle, now lies killed by enemies with a cheerless face?

Words meanings summery:

• यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom

• आहवमुखे (āhavamukhe) - in the battle-front, in the face of battle

• सौम्य (saumya) - O gentle one, O tranquil one

• स्थाता (sthātā) - one who stands, a stander (opponent)

• न (na) - not, no

• एव (eva) - indeed, truly, just, only

• उपपद्यते (upapadyate) - is found, exists, occurs

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

• दुर्मुखः (durmukhaḥ) - with a cheerless face, sad-faced

• अमित्रैः (amitraiḥ) - by enemies, by foes

• हतः (hataḥ) - killed, slain

• विबुधलोकजित् (vibudhalokajit) - conqueror of the celestial realms

Words meanings and morphology

यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

आहवमुखे (āhavamukhe) - in the battle-front, in the face of battle

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of āhavamukha

āhavamukha - battle-front, van of an army

Compound type : bahuvrihi (āhava+mukha)

• āhava – battle, war, combat
  noun (neuter)
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

सौम्य (saumya) - O gentle one, O tranquil one

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saumya

saumya - gentle, mild, tranquil; descendant of Soma

स्थाता (sthātā) - one who stands, a stander (opponent)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sthātṛ

sthātṛ - one who stands, a charioteer, a stander

Agent noun

derived from √sthā

Root: sthā

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, truly, just, only

(indeclinable)

उपपद्यते (upapadyate) - is found, exists, occurs

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of upa-√pad

Prefix: upa

Root: pad (class 4)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

(indeclinable)

दुर्मुखः (durmukhaḥ) - with a cheerless face, sad-faced

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durmukha

durmukha - sad-faced, cheerless, ugly-faced

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dus+mukha)

• dus – bad, ill, difficult
  indeclinable
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

अमित्रैः (amitraiḥ) - by enemies, by foes

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of amitra

amitra - enemy, foe, adversary

हतः (hataḥ) - killed, slain

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, slain, struck down

Past Passive Participle

derived from √han

Root: han

विबुधलोकजित् (vibudhalokajit) - conqueror of the celestial realms

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vibudhalokajit

vibudhalokajit - conqueror of the world of gods/celestial realms

Compound type : tatpurusha (vibudhaloka+jit)

• vibudhaloka – world of gods, celestial world
  noun (masculine)
• jit – conqueror, victor
  verbal derivative (masculine)
  Agent noun
  derived from √ji
  Root: ji