महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-54, verse-4

यं नातितपसा कश्चिन्न वेदाध्ययनेन च ।
न व्रतैर्नोपवासैश्च न प्रसूत्या न मन्युना ॥४॥

4. yaṁ nātitapasā kaścinna vedādhyayanena ca ,
na vratairnopavāsaiśca na prasūtyā na manyunā.

4. yam na atitapasā kaścit na vedādhyayanena ca na
vataiḥ na upavāsaiḥ ca na prasūtyā na manyunā

4. Whom no one could surpass through severe austerities, nor through Vedic study, nor through vows, nor through fasting, nor through progeny, nor through anger.

Words meanings summery:

• यम् (yam) - whom (referring to Vyāsa) (whom (masculine accusative singular))

• न (na) - not, nor (not, no)

• अतितपसा (atitapasā) - through severe austerities (by great asceticism, by severe penance)

• कश्चित् (kaścit) - anyone (anyone, someone)

• न (na) - not, nor (not, no)

• वेदाध्ययनेन (vedādhyayanena) - through the study of the Vedas (by Vedic study)

• च (ca) - and

• न (na) - not, nor (not, no)

• व्रतैः (vrataiḥ) - through religious vows (by vows, by religious observances)

• न (na) - not, nor (not, no)

• उपवासैः (upavāsaiḥ) - through fasting (by fasts, by abstinences)

• च (ca) - and

• न (na) - not, nor (not, no)

• प्रसूत्या (prasūtyā) - through (numerous) progeny (by birth, by progeny)

• न (na) - not, nor (not, no)

• मन्युना (manyunā) - through (intense) anger/spirit (by anger, by wrath, by spirit)

Words meanings and morphology

यम् (yam) - whom (referring to Vyāsa) (whom (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Object of the implied verb (e.g., 'to surpass').

न (na) - not, nor (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Repeated for each negated item.

अतितपसा (atitapasā) - through severe austerities (by great asceticism, by severe penance)

(noun)

neuter, singular of atitapas

atitapas - excessive penance, severe asceticism

ati (excessive) + tapas (penance)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (ati+tapas)

• ati – over, beyond, exceeding, excessive
  upasarga
• tapas – heat, asceticism, penance, spiritual fervor
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Instrument of comparison (to surpass).

कश्चित् (kaścit) - anyone (anyone, someone)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścid

kaścid - anyone, someone, some

ka (who) + cit (indefinite particle)

Note: Subject of the implied verb.

न (na) - not, nor (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Repeated for each negated item.

वेदाध्ययनेन (vedādhyayanena) - through the study of the Vedas (by Vedic study)

(noun)

neuter, singular of vedādhyayana

vedādhyayana - study of the Vedas

veda (Veda) + adhyayana (study)

Compound type : tatpurusha (veda+adhyayana)

• veda – Veda, sacred knowledge
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vid (class 2)
• adhyayana – study, learning
  noun (neuter)
  action noun
  adhi + i (to go) + lyuṭ (suffix)
  Root: i (class 2)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects clauses.

न (na) - not, nor (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Repeated for each negated item.

व्रतैः (vrataiḥ) - through religious vows (by vows, by religious observances)

(noun)

neuter, plural of vrata

vrata - vow, sacred observance, religious duty, ascetic practice

Root: vṛ (class 1)

न (na) - not, nor (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Repeated for each negated item.

उपवासैः (upavāsaiḥ) - through fasting (by fasts, by abstinences)

(noun)

masculine, plural of upavāsa

upavāsa - fast, abstinence from food

action noun

upa (near) + vas (to dwell) = to fast (to dwell near God)

Root: vas (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects clauses.

न (na) - not, nor (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Repeated for each negated item.

प्रसूत्या (prasūtyā) - through (numerous) progeny (by birth, by progeny)

(noun)

feminine, singular of prasūti

prasūti - birth, production, progeny, offspring

action noun

pra (forth) + sū (to bear, to produce) + ktin

Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Refers to having many children/descendants.

न (na) - not, nor (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Repeated for each negated item.

मन्युना (manyunā) - through (intense) anger/spirit (by anger, by wrath, by spirit)

(noun)

masculine, singular of manyu

manyu - spirit, mind, passion, wrath, anger, fury

root man (to think) + yu

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Implied comparison in qualities or power.