महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-54, verse-19

कथं समभवद्भेदस्तेषामक्लिष्टकर्मणाम् ।
तच्च युद्धं कथं वृत्तं भूतान्तकरणं महत् ॥१९॥

19. kathaṁ samabhavadbhedasteṣāmakliṣṭakarmaṇām ,
tacca yuddhaṁ kathaṁ vṛttaṁ bhūtāntakaraṇaṁ mahat.

19. katham samabhavat bhedaḥ teṣām akliṣṭakarmaṇām
tat ca yuddham katham vṛttam bhūtāntakaraṇam mahat

19. How did such a division arise among them, whose deeds were unblemished? And how did that great war, which brought about the destruction of all creatures, come to pass?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

• समभवत् (samabhavat) - arose (arose, occurred, came into being)

• भेदः (bhedaḥ) - division/strife (division, difference, dispute, breach)

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - among them (of them)

• अक्लिष्टकर्मणाम् (akliṣṭakarmaṇām) - of those whose deeds were unblemished (of those whose deeds are unblemished, effortless, noble)

• तत् (tat) - that (war) (that)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - the great war (battle, war)

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

• वृत्तम् (vṛttam) - came to pass (happened, occurred, transpired)

• भूतान्तकरणम् (bhūtāntakaraṇam) - which brought about the destruction of all creatures (causing the end of beings, destructive of creatures)

• महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, important)

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

समभवत् (samabhavat) - arose (arose, occurred, came into being)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Prefix: sam

Root: bhū (class 1)

भेदः (bhedaḥ) - division/strife (division, difference, dispute, breach)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bheda

bheda - breaking, splitting, division, distinction, discord, strife

root bhid + ghañ

Root: bhid (class 7)

Note: Subject of 'samabhavat'.

तेषाम् (teṣām) - among them (of them)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it, they

Note: Refers to the Kurus and Pāṇḍavas.

अक्लिष्टकर्मणाम् (akliṣṭakarmaṇām) - of those whose deeds were unblemished (of those whose deeds are unblemished, effortless, noble)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of akliṣṭakarman

akliṣṭakarman - one whose actions are unwearied, unblemished, noble; performing difficult tasks with ease

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+kliṣṭa+karman)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• kliṣṭa – troubled, distressed, soiled, difficult
  adjective
  past passive participle
  root kliś + kta
  Root: kliś (class 4)
• karman – deed, action, work
  noun (neuter)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Refers to the Kurus and Pāṇḍavas.

तत् (tat) - that (war) (that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with 'yuddham'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

युद्धम् (yuddham) - the great war (battle, war)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, war, fight

past passive participle (nominalized)

root yudh + kta

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'vṛttam'.

कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

वृत्तम् (vṛttam) - came to pass (happened, occurred, transpired)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vṛtta

vṛtta - occurred, happened, transpired; conduct, event

past passive participle

root vṛt + kta

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'yuddham'.

भूतान्तकरणम् (bhūtāntakaraṇam) - which brought about the destruction of all creatures (causing the end of beings, destructive of creatures)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhūtāntakaraṇa

bhūtāntakaraṇa - causing the end of beings, destructive of creatures

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (bhūta+antakaraṇa)

• bhūta – being, creature, element
  noun (neuter)
  past passive participle (nominalized)
  root bhū + kta
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• antakaraṇa – destroying, causing the end
  adjective (neuter)
  action noun
  compound of anta (end) + karaṇa (making) = 'causing the end'
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Modifies 'yuddham'.

महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, important)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, vast, mighty

Note: Modifies 'yuddham'.