महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-54, verse-10

जनमेजयस्तु राजर्षिर्दृष्ट्वा तमृषिमागतम् ।
सगणोऽभ्युद्ययौ तूर्णं प्रीत्या भरतसत्तमः ॥१०॥

10. janamejayastu rājarṣirdṛṣṭvā tamṛṣimāgatam ,
sagaṇo'bhyudyayau tūrṇaṁ prītyā bharatasattamaḥ.

10. janamejayaḥ tu rājarṣiḥ dṛṣṭvā tam ṛṣim āgatam
sagaṇaḥ abhyudyayau tūrṇam prītyā bharatasattamaḥ

10. Upon seeing that sage arrive, King Janamejaya, the best among the Bharatas and a royal sage, quickly rose to greet him along with his retinue and with great affection.

Words meanings summery:

• जनमेजयः (janamejayaḥ) - King Janamejaya (Janamejaya)

• तु (tu) - indeed, emphasizing the subject (but, indeed, however)

• राजर्षिः (rājarṣiḥ) - the king who is also a sage (royal sage, king and sage)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - upon seeing (having seen, after seeing)

• तम् (tam) - that (sage) (him, that)

• ऋषिम् (ṛṣim) - the sage (Vyasa) (sage)

• आगतम् (āgatam) - who had arrived, having come (arrived, come)

• सगणः (sagaṇaḥ) - along with his retinue (with a retinue, accompanied by followers)

• अभ्युद्ययौ (abhyudyayau) - rose to greet (rose up, went forward to greet)

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly (quickly, swiftly)

• प्रीत्या (prītyā) - with affection and joy (with affection, with love, with pleasure)

• भरतसत्तमः (bharatasattamaḥ) - the most excellent among the Bharatas (epithet for Janamejaya) (best among Bharatas)

Words meanings and morphology

जनमेजयः (janamejayaḥ) - King Janamejaya (Janamejaya)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of janamejaya

janamejaya - Janamejaya (proper name of a king)

Note: Proper noun, name of a king.

तु (tu) - indeed, emphasizing the subject (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

Note: An indeclinable particle, often used for emphasis or contrast.

राजर्षिः (rājarṣiḥ) - the king who is also a sage (royal sage, king and sage)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājarṣi

rājarṣi - royal sage, king who is also a sage

Compound type : karmadhāraya (rājan+ṛṣi)

• rājan – king, monarch
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣi – sage, seer, inspired poet
  noun (masculine)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - upon seeing (having seen, after seeing)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root dṛś with suffix -tvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

तम् (tam) - that (sage) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

ऋषिम् (ṛṣim) - the sage (Vyasa) (sage)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet

आगतम् (āgatam) - who had arrived, having come (arrived, come)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - arrived, come, approached

past participle

Derived from root gam with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Refers to the sage (ṛṣim).

सगणः (sagaṇaḥ) - along with his retinue (with a retinue, accompanied by followers)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sagaṇa

sagaṇa - accompanied by a retinue/host/company

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+gaṇa)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• gaṇa – group, multitude, retinue
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies Janamejaya.

अभ्युद्ययौ (abhyudyayau) - rose to greet (rose up, went forward to greet)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of i

Prefixes: abhi+ud

Root: i (class 2)

Note: The form 'yayau' is the perfect of 'i'. With 'abhi-ud' it means 'to rise to greet'.

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly (quickly, swiftly)

(indeclinable)

past participle

Derived from root tvar (to hasten)

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Adverbial usage (neuter accusative singular).

प्रीत्या (prītyā) - with affection and joy (with affection, with love, with pleasure)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of prīti

prīti - love, affection, joy, pleasure

Root: prī (class 9)

भरतसत्तमः (bharatasattamaḥ) - the most excellent among the Bharatas (epithet for Janamejaya) (best among Bharatas)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bharatasattama

bharatasattama - best/most excellent among the Bharatas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+sattama)

• bharata – descendant of Bharata, an Indian
  noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative suffix -tama

Note: Modifies Janamejaya.